Although the concept of ‘lucid dreaming’ was fi rst coined by Frederik Willems van Eeden, a Dutch psychiatrist, and introduced at the meeting of The Society for Psychical Research held on 22 April 1913, the phenomenon of lucid dreaming was already known in earlier historical periods and its descriptions can be found in writings of Aristotle. However, modern lucid dreaming research was establish...

Sleep paralysis and lucid dreaming are both dissociated experiences related to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Anecdotal evidence suggests that episodes of sleep paralysis and lucid dreaming are related but different experiences. In this study we test this claim systematically for the first time in an online survey with 1928 participants (age range: 18-82 years; 53% female). Confirming anecdota...

Although we are usually not explicitly aware that we are dreaming while we are dreaming, at times a remarkable exception occurs, and we become conscious enough to realize that fact. “Lucid” dreamers (the term derives from van Eeden, 19 13) report being able to remember the circumstances of waking life freely, to think clearly, and to act deliberately upon reflection, all while experiencing a dr...

purpose: congenital corneal leukoma is rare with an incidence of 6/100000 and is one of the most important causes of amblyopia. here we report an unusual case of bilateral congenital elevated corneal leukoma. methods: we encountered a 13-day-old full term male newborn. ocular examination of both eyes revealed central elevated corneal leukomas with a narrow normal lucid interval to limbus. corne...

BACKGROUND Lucid dreams are frequently pleasant and training techniques have been developed to teach dreamers to induce them. In addition, the induction of lucid dreams has also been used as a way to ameliorate nightmares. On the other hand, lucid dreams may be associated with psychiatric conditions, including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Reward Deficiency Syndrome-associated diagn...

Cases Two patients with cerebral infarction following head and neck injury who showed a lucid interval are presented. Outcome A 70-year-old male showed infarctions in the cerebellum bilaterally and the right hypothalamus on the sixth day after an injury with no fracture of the cervical spine, and bilateral dissection of the vertebral arteries was diagnosed. A 74-year-old male showed infarctio...

The egg shell of Huffmanela huffmani Moravec, 1987 forms three main layers: an outer vitelline layer, a middle chitinous layer, and an inner lipid layer. The vitelline layer, forming the superficial projections of the egg shell, comprises two parts: an outer electron-dense, and an inner electron-lucid part. The chitinous layer is differentiated into three parts: an outer homogenous electron-den...

A 6-year-old boy presented in an unconscious state with history of holocranial headache and vomiting of two days duration. There was no history of seizures or fever. He was afebrile but tachypneic, was localizing with both upper limbs, with no eye opening or verbal response (Glasgow Coma Scale of E1M5V1). Pupils were equal in size and reacting to light. Both plantars had withdrawal response. Th...