Low carbon ferritic steel alloyed with Ti, Mo and Cu was hot rolled and interrupt cooled to produce nano-sized precipitates of copper and (Ti,Mo)C carbides. The steel had a tensile strength of 840 MPa, an increase in yield strength of 380 MPa over that of the plain carbon steel and reasonable ductility. Transmission electron microscopy and small angle neutron scattering were used to characteriz...

Recently, bulk nano-structured materials produced by severe plastic deformation (SPD) have attracted scientists attention.  Materials produced by SPD are of great importance because of (1) non-porous structure, (2) great mechanical properties such as high strength and toughness and (3) proper dimension for mechanical and physical testing.  Several methods have been introduced for imposing the s...

The static strain aging is a phenomenon that can change the mechanical properties of low carbon steels. Thus, the static strain aging behavior of low carbon steel wires after drawing process is studied. To do so, the wires are austenitized at different temperatures and cooled in different rates. Then the wires are drawn and aged at a specific temperature and time. Before and after aging of each...

A microstructure consisting of ultrafine grained (UFG) ferrite with average grain size of ~ 0.7 µm and dispersed nano-sized carbides was produced by cold-rolling and tempering of the martensite starting microstructure in a low carbon steel. Subsequently, fine grained dual phase (DP) steel consisting of equiaxed ferrite grains with average size of ~ 5 µm and martensite islands with average size ...

the plain carbon steel “ck45” has relatively well mechanical and metallurgical properties and low cost. the purpose of this research was the property evaluation of this steel on abrasive wear and impact for using in plows and other tillage tools. tillage tool should resist in abrasive wear and impact simultaneously. several heat treatments were done on specimens of this steel. a standard test d...

An implicit finite element model was developed to analyze the deformation behavior of low carbon steel during phase transformation. The finite element model was coupled hierarchically with a phase field model that could simulate the kinetics and micro-structural evolution during the austenite-to-ferrite transformation of low carbon steel. Thermo-elastic-plastic constitutive equations for each p...

Initiation of corrosion on reinforcing bars occurs when a critical chloride concentration is achieved. A universal value for the chloride concentration that causes depassivation has not been agreed upon for carbon steels due to a variety of experimental factors. The chloride threshold depends on the rebar material, rebar surface condition, testing environment, method of detection, definition of...