To investigate the internal structure of the nucleon, it is useful to introduce quantities that do not transform properly under Lorentz symmetry, such as the four-momentum of the quarks in the nucleon, the amount of the nucleon spin contributed by quark spin, etc. In this paper, we discuss to what extent these quantities do provide Lorentz-invariant descriptions of the nucleon structure. Typese...

The Lorentz Transformation is derived from only three simple postulates: (i) a weak kinematical form of the Special Relativity Principle that requires the equivalence of reciprocal space-time measurements by two different inertial observers; (ii) Uniqueness, that is the condition that the Lorentz Transformation should be a single valued function of its arguments; (iii) Spatial Isotropy. It is a...

The Lorentz n–group is the group of “isometries” (transformations preserving the inner product) of Minkowski space, fixing 0, and preserving the time direction. This implies that a Lorentz transformation is an linear isomorphism of Rn as a vector space. If, in addition to preserving the time direction, we also preserve space orientation then the group can be denoted SO(1, n − 1). Notice that a ...

New four coordinates are introduced which are related to the usual space-time coordinates. For these coordinates, the Euclidean four dimensional length squared is equal to the interval squared of the Minkowski space. The Lorentz transformation, for the new coordinates, becomes an SO(4) rotation. New scalars (invariants) are derived. A second approach to the Lorentz transformation is presented. ...

The quantum mechanical model of electromagnetic waves is considered, in which the photon, as a particle, propagates with the speed of light, while the wave function of the photon spreads out with an infinite speed. The Lorentz transformation for the energy flux of electromagnetic wave is obtained while assuming the Galilei transformation for the space and time. The energy of the electromagnetic...