This paper studies the problem of ergodicity of transition probability matrices in Marko-vian models, such as hidden Markov models (HMMs), and how it makes very diicult the task of learning to represent long-term context for sequential data. This phenomenon hurts the forward propagation of long-term context information, as well as learning a hidden state representation to represent long-term co...

This paper studies the problem of ergodicity of transition probability matrices in Marko-vian models, such as hidden Markov models (HMMs), and how it makes very diicult the task of learning to represent long-term context for sequential data. This phenomenon hurts the forward propagation of long-term context information, as well as learning a hidden state representation to represent long-term co...

We propose a unified structural credit risk model incorporating insolvency, recovery and rollover risks. The firm finances itself mainly by issuing shortand long-term debt. Short-term debt can have either a discrete or a more realistic staggered tenor structure. We show that a unique threshold strategy (i.e., a bank run barrier) exists for short-term creditors to decide when to withdraw their f...

the acceptability of hearing aids in people with presbyacusis has been improved but assessment of whether there is a need for more counseling to increase the number of regular hearing-aid users seems to be important. the aim of this study was to determine if the hearing aid was worn regularly and over a long period of time in people with presbyacusis. a questionnaire survey of patients with pre...

the effect of endogenous serotonin on long-term potentiation (ltp) in region cai was studied by blocking 5-ht2 receptors with ketanserin in rat hippocampal slices. such a block significantly en-hanced long-term potentiation of the cai population spike induced by high frequency stimulation of the schaffer collateral/ commissural pathway. this implies that serotonin acts on 5-ht2 receptors in cai...

introduction: to study the effect of gallic acid (ga) on hippocampal long-term potentiation (ltp) and histological changes in animal model of alzheimer disease (ad) induced by betaamyloid (aβ). methods: sixty-four adult male wistar rats (300±20 g) were divided into 8 groups: 1) control (cont); 2) ad; 3) sham; 4-7) ad+ga (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 10 days, orally) or vehicle, 8) cont+ga100, aβ ...

achillea millefolium belonging to the astreaceae family is an endangered medicinal plant of jordan and of its neighboring countries. as an alternative to seed propagation, an efficient micropropagation of a. millefolium and its subsequent rooting were developed as an option for its in vitro conservation. a maximum of 5.9 shoots per microshoot were obtained on murashige and skoog agar medium sup...

Diamond (1991) also posits that firms with high leverage might prefer long-term debt to avoid suboptimal liquidation, thus predicting a positive relation between leverage (LEVERAGE) and debt maturity. Myers (1977) argues that agency costs between shareholders and bondholders can be reduced by matching the maturity of assets (ASSET_MAT) to the maturity of liabilities. All else equal, firms with ...