To contribute to the development and evaluation of a practical and cost-effective in vivo testing system for endocrine disruption (specifically environmental estrogens), the effects of 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) were assessed in a gonadal recrudescence assay with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Mature male and female fathead minnows were kept first at 15 degrees C on a 8 h light/1...

Background: The presence of pesticides is very prevalent in surface waters of Iran. These toxic substances may accumulate in the food chain and cause serious ecological and health problems. The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of glyphosate, deltamethrin and pretilachlor as potential dangerous organic pesticides to assess lethal effects of these chemicals agents to the Gupp...

Mercury (Hg), as the most potentially hazardous heavy metal, has accumulated in aquatic environment and caused concern about its safety. To test toxic effects of mercury chloride (Hg2+) on rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus), acute toxicity Hg2+ to embryos, newly hatched larvae, juvenile fish, short-term developmental embryo sac-fry stages, were investigated. The 96-h LC50 values fish 0.56, 0.07, 0...

BACKGROUND Peroxy sulfonated oleic acids (PSOA) is a novel surfactant peracid. The commercial applications of PSOA result in the chemical primarily being disposed of via industrial waste water effluent. Given this manner of disposal, it is important to understand the aquatic hazards of the chemical to better assess the risk posed to aqueous environments. Acute aquatic toxicity laboratory experi...

Cigarette butts (CBs) are composed by synthetic polymers and products from the combustion of tobacco. They improperly discarded in large quantities environment, representing a major litter type impacting coastal ecosystems. CBs contain number hazardous chemical substances represent potential threats to marine organisms. This investigation assessed acute toxicity leachates on microcrustacean Art...

Fragrance materials (FMs) are used in a variety of detergents and cosmetics, including household personal care products. Despite their widespread use the growing evidence occurrence surface waters worldwide, very little is known about toxicity towards marine species, key component food webs such as copepods. Thus, we investigated six more long-lasting stable commercial fragrances, Amyl Salicyla...

Biomass growth, micronucleus induction, and antioxidative stress enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase) were investigated simultaneously in the Vicia faba plant exposed to cadmium in solution. The biomass lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) value was 2,000 microM Cd2+. In the shoots, enzymic activities increased without concentration-response rel...

The effect of nanomaterials on biota under realistic environmental conditions is an important question. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on how different illumination conditions alter the toxicity of some photocatalytic nanomaterials. We have investigated how environmentally relevant UV-A exposure (intensity 8.50 ± 0.61 W/m(2), exposure dose 9.0J/cm(2)) affected the toxicity of ceriu...

Neonicotinoid pesticides are one of the most commercialized groups worldwide. Their application in agriculture aims to control pests through a systemic mode action which is not specific target species. Our study aimed evaluate effects insecticide Actara® [active ingredient thiamethoxam (TMX)] on non-target species, Girardia tigrina. Therefore, acute and sublethal endpoints, such as mortality, f...