During neoplastic transformation, cells can promote their own growth by activating proto-oncogenes. Reporting in Cell, Iliopoulos et al. (2009) now show that in certain cell types, a transient oncogenic signal is sufficient to induce neoplastic transformation and to maintain it through a positive feedback loop driven by the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6.

In this paper a new variety of the digitized version of an analog phase locked loop has been proposed in order to overcome the conditionally stable nature of a software controlled phase locked loop. Also the conventional need of a low pass filter to filter out the high frequency components at the output of a phase detector is avoided through the use of In-phase and Quadrature signals. MATLAB si...

The CD4046BC micropower phase-locked loop (PLL) consists of a low power, linear, voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a source follower, a zener diode, and two phase comparators. The two phase comparators have a common signal input and a common comparator input. The signal input can be directly coupled for a large voltage signal, or capacitively coupled to the self-biasing amplifier at the sign...

The fundamental design concepts for phase-locked loops implemented with integrated circuits are outlined. The necessary equations required to evaluate the basic loop performance are given in conjunction with a brief design example. NOTE This document contains references to obsolete part numbers and is offered for technical information only.

For high speed application, jitter is a problem to communication system, as it reduces the performance of overall circuitry. As jitter is a type of corruption that cannot be eliminated, reducing jitter is one way to help to improve the system performance. In this paper, we introduce some ways to reduce the jitter in phase-locked loop. Introduction Phase-Locked Loop, PLL, is widely used among th...

Due to the nonlinear nature of the Bang-Bang phase-locked loops (BBPLLs), its transient analysis is very difficult. In this paper, new equations are proposed for expression of transient behavior of the second order BBPLLs to phase step input. This approach gives new insights into the transient behavior of BBPLLs. Approximating transient response to reasonable specific waveform the loop tran...

We consider closed free tensionless strings in AdSd, calculate exactly the boundary/boundary string evolution kernel and find the string dynamics to be completely frozen. We interpret therefore the boundary configurations as Wilson loop operators in a confining phase. This is taken as an argument in favor to the dual weakly coupled abelian gauge theory being that of (d− 4)-forms in the (d− 1) d...

For a long time, phase arrays have been used in a variety of wave transmission applications because of their simplicity and versatility. Conventionally, there is a trade-off between the compactness of a phase array and its directivity. In this paper, we demonstrate how by embedding a normal phase array within a superlens (made of negative refractive index material) we can overcome this constrai...