Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), subtype H5N1, was first officially reported in Indonesia in 2004. Since then the disease has spread and is now endemic in large parts of the country. This study investigated the statistical relationship between a set of risk factors and the presence or absence of HPAI in Indonesia during 2006 and 2007. HPAI was evaluated through participatory disease su...

A study on the effect of probiotic supplementation on broiler peiftmnance was carried out with 600 one day-old Avian broiler chicks. The duration of study was 35 da)lS and a commercially prepared lactobacillus culture was given to the treated birds via drinking water thmughout the 35 days. The results showed that the live weight of the I,·ealed bird was significantly (P<0.05) improved al 21, 28...

To assess regression models for lipid and lean body mass in small birds, we recorded live body mass 90.1 g, total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC; from ‘‘third generation’’ TOBEC machine EM-SCAN† SA-3000) or E-Value, visual fat score (VisFat), and seven body measurements for 52 migratory passerine birds of 13 species (5 40 g). We determined lipid and lean mass of each bird after petroleum-e...

In recent years multiple novel influenza A strains have emerged in humans. We reviewed publically available data to summarise epidemiological characteristics of distinct avian influenza viruses known to cause human infection and describe changes over time. Most recently identified zoonotic strains have emerged in China (H7N9, H5N6, H10N8) - these strains have occurred mostly in association with...

In August 2012, A/chicken/Vietnam/OIE-2215/2012 (H5N2) was isolated from a chicken in a live bird market (LBM) in Northern Vietnam. Intravenous pathogenicity test revealed that this virus is highly pathogenic in chickens. The PA, HA, NP and M, PB2 and NA, and PB1 and NS genes of the isolate were phylogenetically closely related to those of A/duck/Vietnam/OIE-2202/2012 (H5N1) of clade 2.3.2.1, A...

Bird damage is a common and costly problem for fruit producers, who try to limit damage by using management techniques. This analysis used survey data from producers in five U.S. states to estimate bird damage to sweet cherry (Prunus avium) crops with and without the use of bird management. A partial equilibrium model was applied to the data to estimate the change in the marginal cost of produc...

In this article we use structural econometrics to formally test whether the use of the alternative marketing arrangements (AMAs) by pork packers is the source of their market power on the spot (cash) market for live hogs. We specify the pork packers’ conjectures of the change in the industry total market procurement of live hogs through the spot market with respect to their AMAs stocks. The tes...

Poultry selling is beyond the ambit of industrial processing and marketing trade at Live Bird Market (LBM) operations. Contaminated meat from such LBM being increasingly recognized as a potential source food borne disease including salmonellosis. At present, limited information available on live birds in informal operations Sri Lanka. This cross-sectional study was carried out to describe chara...