Heroism is one of the main themes in popular Persian prose stories. The hero in these stories has characteristics that generally belong to the mythical beliefs and traditions of pre-Islamic and post-Islamic Iran. Many historical and social factors are important in the transmission of these traditions and beliefs but one of the most important ones is Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. In many cases, the acti...

Abstract The first four (out of eight) books Daniello Bartoli’s (1608–85) officially commissioned Istoria della Compagnia di Gesù , dedicated to Asia were devoted recounting the miraculous deeds Francis Xavier (1506–52). A century after his death, and thirty years canonization, was still an influential role model for all Jesuits (especially those who desired become missionaries in “Indies”). Ba...

Some Muslim thinkers have had disagreements over the use of the word “‘ishq” in religious texts since many years ago. The main claim made by those who prohibit the use of this word for the sacred associations such as God, the Prophet (s), and Imāms is that the meaning of this word is appropriate only to the material and carnal issues and so, it has not been used in religious texts and its conce...

Fifty-five word stories are brief pieces of creative writing that use elements of poetry, prose, or both to encapsulate key experiences in health care. These stories have appeared in Family Medicine and JAMA and have been used to teach family medicine faculty development fellows. Writers and readers of 55-word stories gain insight into key moments of the healing arts; the brevity of the pieces ...

literature is the aesthetic manifestation of language. it is ‘as old as human language and as new as tomorrow’s sunrise.’ this paper explores the interrelationships between language and literature from 600 ad to the present day.  the grammar of present-day english is closely related to that of old english with the same tense formation and word orders. the verse unit is a single line and its org...

debate is an independent technique  in literature that has been common among poets and writers in arabic literature for a long time. the literary genre which has been shaped based on  imitating  real debates is a hostile or friendly dialogue between parties of the debate who could be human, animal, plant, abstract concepts, natural and other elements. since this genre exists very strikingly and...

This article brings ecocritical and historical approaches together with literary analysis to provide the first in-depth of chocolate in French novels. It argues that is a uniquely hybrid, indeterminate substance both literal figurative terms it enables writers ask questions about human nature our status as civilized, textual beings. Examining examples from range writers—Stendhal, Huysmans, Vern...