We investigate the effectiveness of different linguistic cues for distinguishing literal and non-literal usages of potentially idiomatic expressions. We focus specifically on features that generalize across different target expressions. While idioms on the whole are frequent, instances of each particular expression can be relatively infrequent and it will often not be feasible to extract and an...

We present the first developmental computational model of metaphor comprehension, which seeks to relate the emergence of a distinction between literal and non-literal similarity in young children to the development of semantic representations. The model gradually learns to distinguish literal from metaphorical semantic juxtapositions as it acquires more knowledge about the vehicle domain. In ac...

Experimental studies on polysemy have come to contradictory conclusions on whether words with multiple senses are stored as separate or shared mental representations. The present study examined the semantic relatedness and semantic similarity of literal and non-literal (metonymic and metaphorical) senses of three word classes: nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Two methods were used: a psycholinguis...

This paper proposes a method of identifying and aggregating literal nodes that have the same meaning in Linked Open Data (LOD) in order to facilitate cross-domain search. LOD has a graph structure in which most nodes are represented by Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), and thus LOD sets are connected and searched through different domains.However, 5% of the values are literal values (strings...

Texts frequently contain expression whose meaning is not strictly literal, such as idioms. Idiomatic and non-literal expressions pose a major challenge to natural language processing technology as they often exhibit lexical and syntactic idiosyncrasies. We propose a novel unsupervised method for distinguishing literal and non-literal usages of expressions. Our method determines how well a liter...

This research provides further data regarding non-literal language comprehension following right hemisphere damage (RHD). To assess the impact of RHD on the processing of non-literal language, ten participants presenting with RHD and ten matched healthy control participants were administered tasks tapping humour appreciation and pragmatic interpretation of non-literal language. Although the RHD...

In this paper, we make a short history about: the neutrosophic set, neutrosophic numerical components and neutrosophic literal components, neutrosophic numbers, and elementary neutrosophic algebraic structures. Afterwards, their generalizations to refined neutrosophic set, respectively refined neutrosophic numerical and literal components, then refined neutrosophic numbers and refined neutrosop...