We introduce skill chaining, a skill discovery method for continuous domains. Skill chaining produces chains of skills leading to a salient event—where salience can be defined simply as an end-of-task reward, or as a more sophisticated heuristic (e.g., an intrinsically interesting event (Singh et al., 2004)). The goal of each skill in the chain is to reach a state where its successor skill can ...

abstractthis study aims to highlight the key roles played by metacognitive strategies training in the development of listening comprehension skill and self-regulation strategies of efl learners. the participants of this study (n = 60) were female iranian students assigned to two groups of experimental and control in kish english language institute. learners in the experimental group received 6-...

Listening, the very basic language skill is consistently interrelated and intervened with the other language skills speaking, reading and writing. Until the late nineteenth century written mode is predominant in language learning and then onwards listening began to gain its significance in language teaching. The challenges towards teaching listening are now better understood because of the new ...

language textbooks are conventionally expected to develop the four language macro-skills, including listening, reading, writing and speaking in language learners. however, mastering the reading skill is of particular importance, since it enhances the comprehension of specialized texts in students. the objective of this research is to investigate the scientific aspect of persian textbooks in tea...

speaking is one of the most important skills to be developed and enhanced as means of effective communication. speaking skill is regarded one of the most difficult aspects of language learning. many language learners find it difficult to express themselves in spoken language. they are generally facing problems to use the foreign language to express their thoughts effectively. they stop talking ...

Methods: This author conducted one-on-one semi-structured interviews with six faculty members in mathematics and earth sciences at a private university in Tokyo to examine (1) the use of L1 and L2 as well as language use activities involving reading, listening, speaking, and writing in English in content courses they were teaching or had taught previously and (2) their perceptions of four-skill...

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The Strategy is used by the students in learning English to help them achieve objective of language learning. Learning was involved reading skill, writing listening skill and speaking skill. Students has their own strategy Each depend on pation. needed study. this research describe Language Civil Engineering New Normal Era. subject 58 that follow Basic Subject Sintuwu Maroso University Poso. Su...