various novel techniques including ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction and supercritical fluid extraction have been developed for the extraction of medicinal plants in order to shorten the extraction time, decrease the solvent consumption, increase the extraction yield, and enhance the quality of extracts. this review was conducted to introduce and compare the conventi...

abstractbackground and objective: microwave-assisted extraction (mae) is one of the novel, fast, and efficient methods for extraction of bioactive compounds. the aim of this study was optimization of mae of betalains from red beet (beta vulgaris) and evaluating antioxidant activity of its methanolic extract.materials and methods: the effects of independent variables namely, microwave power leve...

colorectal cancer (crc) is one of the most common forms of cancers in the world and is curable if diagnosed at the early stage. analysis of dna extracted from stool specimens is a recent advantage to cancer diagnostics. many protocols have been recommended for dna extraction from stool, and almost allof them are difficult and time consuming, dealing with high amount of toxic materials like phen...

background: about 10% to 15% of infertile men have azoospermia, which could be obstructive or non-obstructive. diagnostic biopsy from the testis and recently testicular sperm extraction (tese) are the most precise investigations in these patients. testicular biopsy can be done unilaterally or bilaterally. the worth of unilateral or bilateral testicular biopsy in men with azoospermia is controve...

cystoid macular edema (cme) is a painless disease with different etiologies, which manifests as multiple cyst like (cystoid) spaces in the macula. cme is a common cause of vision loss following cataract surgery. some risk factors for post-cataract surgery cme include intraoperative complications specially incarceration of vitreous in the surgical wound, history of diabetes, uveitis and postoper...

purpose: to identify the profile of cataract surgery in an iranian population. methods: this population-based survey was conducted on adults aged ≥50 years and over in 2009 at varamin district. cataract surgical coverage (csc) was defined as the proportion of operable cataractous eyes (best-corrected visual acuity [bcva] < 6/18 due to cataracts) that had been operated. poor outcome was defined ...

nosocomial infection caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci poses a serious problem in many countries. the aim of this study was to rapidly and reliably detect methicillin-resistant-staphylococci in order to suggest appropriate therapy. the presence or absence of the methicillin-resistance gene in 115 clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus and 50 isolates of coagulase negative staphy...

background :  sequence-based identification of various microorganisms including archaea, bacteria, cyanobacteria, diatoms, fungi, and green algae necessitates an efficient and reproducible genome extraction procedure though which a pure template dna is yielded and it can be used in polymerase chain reactions (pcr). considering the fact that dna extraction from these microorganisms is time consu...