In higher plants the production of starch is orchestrated by chloroplast-localized biosynthetic enzymes, namely starch synthases, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, and starch branching and debranching enzymes. Diurnal regulation of these enzymes, as well as starch-degrading enzymes, influences both the levels and composition of starch, and is dependent in some instances upon phosphorylation-linked...

The aim of this study was to modify the sago starch and evaluate its efficacy as tablet disintegrant. Cross-linked carboxymethylated sago starch (CMSS) was synthesized using native sago starch (SS) and monochloroacetic acid (MCA) with sodium hydroxide in microwave radiation environment. FT-IR analysis of the sample confirmed the carboxymethylation by showing absorption peak at 1607.2 cm. CMSS w...

BACKGROUND Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a severe developmental disorder in which nonallelic genetic heterogeneity has been demonstrated. Even though X-linked and autosomal recessive forms are phenotypically similar, identification of the way of transmission is mandatory to give reliable genetic counseling to the family and to address molecular studies. Complete examination of rela...

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) is a heterotetrameric enzyme comprising two small and two large subunits that catalyze the production of ADP-glucose linked to starch biosynthesis. The current paradigm on leaf starch metabolism assumes that post-translational redox modification of AGP in response to light is a major determinant of fine regulation of transitory starch accumulation. According ...

s b a t c t fi BSTRACT bjective Dietary fiber represents a broad class of undiested carbohydrate components. The components vary n chemical and physical nature and in their physiological utcomes. Resistant starch is starch that escapes digesion in the small intestine and that may be fermented in he large intestine. The purpose of this study was to stimate consumption of resistant starch by the ...

Adhesion of 19 Bifidobacterium strains to native maize, potato, oat, and barley starch granules was examined to investigate links between adhesion and substrate utilization and to determine if adhesion to starch could be exploited in probiotic food technologies. Starch adhesion was not characteristic of all the bifidobacteria tested. Adherent bacteria bound similarly to the different types of s...

We have recently shown the occurrence of endocytic sucrose uptake in heterotrophic cells. Whether this mechanism is involved in the sucrose-starch conversion process was investigated by comparing the rates of starch accumulation in sycamore cells cultured in the presence or absence of the endocytic inhibitors wortmannin and 2-(4-morpholynyl-)-8-phenyl-4H-1 benzopyran-4-1 (LY294002). These analy...

To explain the low levels of starch, high levels of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, and thick cell walls in grains of Brachypodium distachyon L. relative to those in other Pooideae, aspects of grain development were compared between B. distachyon and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Cell proliferation, cell expansion, and endoreduplication were reduced in B. distachyon relative to barley and, consistent with t...

Durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.], used in pasta, couscous, and flatbread production, is an important source of starch food products worldwide. The amylose portion of the starch forms resistant starch complexes that resist digestion and contribute to dietary fiber. Increasing the amount of amylose and resistant starch in wheat by mutating the STARCH BRANCHING ENZYME ...