1.1 Limiting the scope of phonology. Kinds of information conveyed by speech Sociolinguistic differences are not the same as linguistic differences What counts as a linguistic contrast 1.2 Non-linguistic aspects of speech\ Speaker attitudes, style, peronal identity Spoken language and written language The role of intonation 1.3 Universal phonetics and phonology Equating sounds in different lang...

Language is a system of verbal elements that makes communication of meaningspossible in the manners the users intend by employing certain linguistic deviceswhich are partly language-specific. Once communicating cross-linguistically, thereis always a risk of negative transfer of techniques or processes from the firstlanguage (L1) to the foreign language (L2). The current study investigates the“e...

Contrary to an important explanatory principle of traditional dialectology, according to which (political) borders impede communication and thereby lead to the emergence of linguistic differences, I will argue that putative or factual linguistic differences are used for the social construction of (political) borders, and that existing (political) borders are symbolically reinforced by attractin...

The present paper discusses the possible role of linguistic competence in determining the manifest psychopathology of schizophrenia. It is hypothesised that the linguistic competence may be a significant determinant of psychopathology and may explain the differences in the manifest signs and symptoms, course and prognosis between the various sub-types of schizophrenia and may explain the cross-...

The linguistic expression of space draws from and is constrained by basic, probably universal, elements of perceptual/cognitive structure. Nevertheless, there are considerable cross-linguistic differences in how these fundamental space concepts are segmented and packaged into sentences. This cross-linguistic variation has led to the question whether the language one speaks could affect the way ...

The notion of communicative competence has been deemed fuzzy in communication studies. This fuzziness has led to tensions among engineers across tenures in interpreting what constitutes communicative competence. The study seeks to investigate novice and professional engineers’ understanding of the said notion in terms of two main elements of communicative competence: linguistic and rhetorical c...

the body-part term dast ‘hand’ is investigated in this article as used in the first part of 160 farsi compound nouns. the questions are: how is the semantic change pattern of hand used in persian compound nouns? also how the collective mind and social/ cultural memory of persian linguistic society can be accounted for and compared with chinese and english? the aim is investigation of semantic c...

Teachers can assess the pronunciations of students independently of extra-linguistic features such as age and gender observed in the students’ utterances. This capacity is, however, difficult to realize on machines because linguistic differences and extra-linguistic differences change acoustic features commonly. Therefore, the performance of automatic pronunciation assessment is inevitably affe...