The purpose of this study was the surface modification of nano MOF-5 (NMOF-5) or IRMOF-1 (Zn4O(C8H4O4)3) in order to prevent its rapid degradation in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), along with the simultaneous increase in its biocompatibility. The NMOF-5 sample was synthesized under the ultrasound irradiation and then it was loaded wit...

We show that if all γ-ray bursts emit X-rays in a way similar to those observed by BeppoSax, much of the extinction along the line of sight in the host galaxy of the burst can be destroyed. Two mechanisms are principally responsible for dust destruction: grain heating and grain charging. The latter, which can lead to electrostatic stresses greater than the tensile strength of the grains, is oft...

We study the time dependent spectra produced via the bulk Compton process by a cold, relativistic shell of plasma moving (and accelerating) along the jet of a blazar, scattering on external photons emitted by the accretion disc and reprocessed in the broad line region. Bulk Comptonization of disc photons is shown to yield a spectral component contributing in the far UV band, and would then be c...

Although the existence of large-scale hot gaseous halos around massive disk galaxies have been theorized for a long time, there is yet very little observational evidence. We report the Chandra and XMM-Newton grating spectral detection of O VII and Ne IX Kα absorption lines along the sight-line of 4U 1957+11. The line absorption is consistent with the interstellar medium in origin. Attributing t...

We searched for evidence of soft X-ray absorption by hot gas in the vicinity of the Galaxy in a small sample of fifteen type I AGN observed with the high resolution X-ray gratings on board Chandra. We find that around half of the sight lines in our sample exhibit absorption due to local Hor He-like Oxygen (or both) at confidence levels ranging from> 90% to > 3σ. Depending on the sight line, the...

Inspired by a mathematical riddle involving fuses, we define the "fusible numbers" as follows: $0$ is fusible, and whenever $x,y$ are fusible with $|y-x|<1$, number $(x+y+1)/2$ also fusible. We prove that set of numbers, ordered usual order on $\mathbb R$, well-ordered, type $\varepsilon_0$. Furthermore, density numbers along real line grows at an incredibly fast rate: Letting $g(n)$ be largest...

When a short straight line segment moves across a zigzag line and is viewed in one's peripheral vision, it appears to exhibit nonrigid squirming motion (the squirm effect). This phenomenon demonstrates that the form, orientation, and motion direction of a short line are influenced by those of a longer one when they are viewed in one's peripheral vision.

Introduction In this paper we present an alternative approach to the boundedness of Seshadri constants of nef and big line bundles at a general point of a complex–projective variety. Seshadri constants ε(L, x), which have been introduced by Demailly [De92], measure the local positivity of a nef line bundle L at a point x ∈ X of a complex–projective variety X, and can be defined as ε(L, x) := in...

We present Suzaku spectra of X-ray emission in the fields just off the LMC X–3 sight line. O VII, O VIII, and Ne IX emission lines are clearly detected, suggesting the presence of an optically thin thermal plasma with an average temperature of 2.4 ×106 K. This temperature is significantly higher than that inferred from existing Xray absorption line data obtained with Chandra grating observation...