Finite elements allow smoothness to be enforced on the measurement of the image-dependent term in active contours. This improves the stability of the solution, with less computational cost than is incurred by increasing the number of elements. Performance is best when the size of the element matches the scale of the image detail sought. This property of Finite elements can be used deliberately ...

China has seen the fruit of its rapid economic growth over the past two decades, but severe environmental problems have accompanied this, such as the looming danger of Asian Brown Clouds. This paper analyzes the regional development of China by examining economic performance as well as environmental factors. Technical efficiency and productivity changes of thirty-one regions in China during the...

The topological approach to social choice was developed by Graciela Chichilnisky in the beginning of the 1980s. The main result in this area (known as the resolution of the topological social choice paradox) shows that a space of preferences admits of a continuous, anonymous, and unanimous aggregation rule for every number of individuals if and only if this space is contractible. Furthermore, c...

This paper presents an efficient extraction method of closed loops as primitive symbols of line drawings, and an robust line drawing understanding system incorporating this extraction method. A graph search technique is used for the symbols extraction method to provide efficient model prediction and verification facilities, and quantitative consideration on the computational cost is shown. The ...

in this paper, an adaptive meshless method of line is applied to distribute the nodes in the spatial domain. in many cases in meshless methods, it is also necessary for the chosen nodes to have certain smoothness properties. the set of nodes is also required to satisfy certain constraints. in this paper, one of these constraints is investigated. the aim of this manuscript is the implementation ...

Conventionally, the identification of Tropical Cyclones (TCs) has been highly dependent on subjective human judgment applied to vast amounts of data extracted from satellite images. The most popular approach to comparing two given TCs is to measure the distance between various contour points of the TC extracted from a satellite image. However, this measure has a very high computational cost as ...

In this paper, a modified algorithm for object segmentation of binary images is presented, and denoted as 2D modified chain code algorithm. The 2D modified chain code algorithm can be applied to color images after being binarized. The segmented object is used to derive the chain code in the image. The definition of the 2Dmodified chain code algorithm is valid for shapes composed of triangular, ...

in this paper the factor of safety (fs) and critical line-segments slip surface obtained by the alternating variable local gradient (avlg) optimization method was presented as a new topic in 2d. results revealed that the percentage of reduction in the fs obtained by switching from a circular shape to line segments was higher with the avlg method than other methods. the 2d-avlg optimization meth...

Introduction The important considerations in the design and operation of a transmission line are the determination of voltage drop, line losses and efficiency of transmission. These values are greatly influenced by the line constants R, L and C of the transmission line. For instance, the voltage drop in the line depends upon the values of above three line constants. Similarly, the resistance of...

unsustainable harvesting of agricultural water resources in the province of kerman, has caused an annual average of one-meter drop in ground water levels. surface irrigation methods in pistachio trees have low efficiency because of inherent characteristics and its incorrect application, as well as low access to water resource in pistachio regions. therefore under the current critical condition,...