Historical renders are exposed to several degradation processes that can lead to a wide range of anomalies, such as scaling, detachments and pulverization. Among the common anomalies, the loss of cohesion and adhesion are usually identified as the most difficult to repair; these anomalies still need to be deeply studied to reach compatible, durable and sustainable conservation treatments. The r...

NHL mortars are known to be compatible materials for the conservation of architectural heritage. To improve their properties with regard salt resistance and lower carbon footprint, NHL-based inhibitor agents were studied different formulations produced: (MSs), composed natural hydraulic lime; sand cocciopesto (MSCs), in which NHL, brick powder admixed two products, diethylenetriaminapenta chito...

Lime mortar is as old human civilization. But replaced with Cement binding material which widely utilized today. need for reduction in environmental pollution turning the tide against cement. admixtures are tried various researches nowadays. In this paper lime of 1:3 ratio Agricultural complex (NPKS) urea and Super phosphate percentages such 1, 2, 3, 4 5 studied. Commercial available market was...

Abstract Limestones (CaCO 3 ) have been an important source for masonry and mortars throughout approx. 10,000 years of human history. They are often composed calcitic shells minute marine algae, known as calcareous nannofossils. The 0.25–30-µm large skeletons these primary producers well documented from various archaeological materials including building stones masonry. Surprisingly, tiny micro...

The disadvantage of limesand, limecement and cementlime plaster mortars is the intensive formation cracks during hardening operation, which leads to rapid destruction coating, its detachment from masonry, causes increased humidity loss heat through it, as well reducing service life wall structure.The main reason for this choosing components mixture their quantity without taking into account...

Masonry bricks were widely used in construction of the walls most Chinese historical buildings. The low strength lime–clay mortar existing brick masonry has usually led to poor performance such as cracking and collapse during earthquakes. As composition modified oyster shell ash (MOSA mortar) with higher is similar that mortar, it can be partially replace original for buildings order improve th...