Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is not therapeutic cure that works by activating complex neural network and engaging inhibitory descending processes in the central nervous system to diminish hyperalgesia . Neuromuscular (NMES) have recommended as supplement for other treatments, such workout, or a stand-alone treatment increase muscle power, decrease knee discomfort, improve ...

Although low-threshold transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a modality used for control of pain, but its effect in the control of spasticity and change of excitability of a motor neuron is controversial. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 15-min tripolar TENS of vertebral column and bipolar TENS of common peroneal nerve (300 µs width, 50 Hz) on synap...

hemoglobin is a tetrameric oxygen transport protein in animal bodies. however, there is a paucity of information regarding differences between alpha and beta subunits of hemoglobin in terms of oxygen affinity. the sequential model of koshland, nemthy and filmer (knf model) has attributed similar affinities to both alpha and beta subunits. the main purpose of the present study is to construct a ...

Tinnitus is usually defined as an intrinsic sound percept that cannot be attributed to an external sound source that tinnitus can be suppressed by neuromodulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and transcranial electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). It is thought that TMS and tDCS modulate tinnitus directly by targeting ...