objective: there is longstanding experimental and clinical evidence that supports the idea that replacement of dopaminergic (daergic) neurons can ameliorate functional disabilities of parkinson’s disease (pd). the purpose of the present study is to examine the efficacy of transplantation of rat bone marrow stromal cell (bmscs)-derived tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (th+) cells induced by depreny...

abstract background and objective: parkinson's disease (pd) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with massive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) substitution is still the gold standard therapy for pd. however, there has been little information available on neuroprotective and regenerative therapies for pd. due to the neu...

A memristor is a nonlinear two-terminal electrical element that incorporates memory features and nanoscale properties, enabling us to design very high-density artificial neural networks. To enhance the property, we should use mathematical frameworks like fractional calculus, which capable of doing so. Here, first present fractional-order synapse-coupling Hopfield network on two neurons then ext...

Imagine you had a really important message that to deliver your friend as quickly possible. Would send handwritten letter through the postal service would arrive in few days? Or an email, which gets delivered almost instantly? A neuron’s job is speedily messages across brain, spinal cord, and body. Neurons receive help with performing this from another kind of cell, called oligodendrocytes. In ...

Abstract In the brain, information is encoded, transmitted and used to inform behaviour at level of timing action potentials distributed over population neurons. To implement neural-like systems in silico, emulate neural function, interface successfully with neuromorphic circuits need encode a way compatible that by populations neuron brain. facilitate cross-talk between engineering neuroscienc...

Microglia is one of the first innate immune components. These cells account about 5 to 10% of the entire adult brain cells and are activated by trauma. Complex-mediated inflammatory responses occur through cellular and molecular events during and after the traumatic brain injury (TBI). In-lesion area astrocytes, microglia, and damaged neurons begin to secrete cytokines and chemokines. Microglia...

Dopamine is a neuromodulator and neurotransmitter responsible for number of physiological processes. Dysfunctions the dopamine metabolism signalling are associated with neurological psychiatric diseases. Here we report that in primary co-culture neurons astrocytes dopamine-induces calcium signal suppress spontaneous synchronous oscillations (SSCO) neurons. Effect on SSCO was dependent could be ...