This paper was conducted to study the behavior of lightweight concrete, incorporating local lightweight aggregate (LWA), in terms of chloride ion permeability at different ages. The effect of lightweight fine aggregate replacement by normal weight sand (0, 25, 50 and 75% by volume) was investigated. Constant level of silica fume content (10% by weight of cement) as an addition was also consider...

Lightweight steel framing is a method in housing and construction that have been widely used in lightweight steel construction. In this method, the structure is built by cold formed steel elements. They are cost-effective, light, and easy to assemble. However, the performance of lateral load resisting systems in cold-formed steel structures specially the behavior of cold-formed steel shear wall...