Aircraft are struck by lightning in flight with some regularity and are required to have demonstrated protection against this threat; much of this demonstration is provided by simulating in test the effects of lightning on aircraft structures, components and systems. Clearly these tests need to be carried out in a representative manner and guidance on how to do this is provided in the Aerospace...

Lightning incidence analysis is required for the design of adequate lightning protection systems for wind turbines. We present a method to estimate the number of upward flashes for multiple wind turbines located in mountainous areas. The proposed method is applied to the case of the Mont Crosin wind turbine park located in the Jura mountains in the Northwestern part of Switzerland. A significan...

Several accidents that occurred in the last decades evidenced that the impact of natural events in industrial plants may trigger accidental scenarios involving the release of relevant quantities of hazardous substances. Severe scenarios typical of the process industry, as fires, explosions, toxic releases, and water pollution were reported as the consequence of natural events in industrial area...

Due to the expected climate change driven increase of extreme weather events, damage risks for infrastructure and buildings are rising. Hence spatial decision-support material is necessary to enhance risk management and planning strategies. The presented study contributes to this topic by means of an analysis of cloud-to-ground lightning patterns and their impact on structural facilities using ...

The principle is shown for lightning protection of power distribution lines taking the effects of surge arresters, overhead ground wires and their combined use into consideration. Moreover an outline of a rational design method targeting direct lightning hits, induced overvoltages and backflow currents from high structures.

The Technical Committee on Lightning Protection of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC TC81) has finalised the new presentation of its work in four parts from general principles and risk management, to physical damage, life hazards and protection against electrical and electronic systems within structures. In this invited lecture we summarise their content and criticise the optio...

Lightning is one of the fascinating phenomena exhibiting tremendous natural power. It is source of awe, curiosity, enticement, inspiration as well as fear. On average, 50 lightning strikes occur on earth in one second. Fortunately not all of them kill people, albeit 10% people fall prey to lightning annually, out of which hardly 20 to 25% die. Lightning injures victims by heat, shockwave, inten...

Progresses in the research on physical processes of lightning discharge and electric structure of thunderstorm in the last decade in China have been reviewed. By using the self-developed lightning detecting and locating techniques with high temporal and spatial resolution, the characteristics and parameters of lightning discharge in some representative areas in China have been obtained. Observa...

Substation protection is one of the most important schemes in power system. Rainfall, Humidity, Temperature and contaminations do not produce over voltage but are capable of lowering the flashover voltage and affect the operation of the equipment. The aim of the study was to identify the climatic factors especially the average lightning days and / or ground flash density so that substation desi...

Lightning is a phenomenon that is highly variable in space and time. The derivation of reliable estimates of its activity, therefore, requires statistical averaging over a large area and a considerable number of years of observation. The lightning flash density, defined as the number of flashes of a specific type occurring on or over unit area in unit time, is widely used as a statistical descr...