Data on characteristics of metal-oxide surge arresters indicates that for fast front surges, those with rise times less than 8μs, the peak of the voltage wave occurs before the peak of the current wave and the residual voltage across the arrester increases as the time to crest of the arrester discharge current decreases. Several models have been proposed to simulate this frequency-dependent cha...

A protection scheme is proposed for the 3 kV DC railway, in Kwa-Zulu Natal province, a region with high lightning occurrence density. The surge was sought by implementing three metal-oxide arresters and an overhead ground wire. purpose of these determined their location circuit points that are vulnerable to adverse effects: arrester installed protect insulators between lines supporting metallic...

The need for information through a monitoring system on BTS tower equipment is very necessary, including lightning strike protection. To find out whether there the BTS, usually, technicians have to come location see impact of in form damage arrester, or other and even seek from residents around location. far head office, course this not effective.This research development counter lighting desig...

Background: Lightning is one of the most mysterious phenomena of nature that also, it has caused many financial and human losses. In tropical and sub-tropical countries, death due to thunderbolt is not unusual, and even tragic events may occur at high altitudes. Lightning physics is complex and not completely clear. Usually, the clouds are heavily pregnant and high voltages and amperages, they ...