Today, urbanization (living at apartments) phenomenon as the most common type of residence of cities has been changed so that mainly reflects the chaos in this area. Too much attention paid to economic indicators compromised the balance in the housing sector and created a new type of buildings. The occurred changes indicate ignoring cultural characteristics, less attention paid to cultural conc...

beowulf is the first known english epic which preserves the history, myth, culture and some basic human values of people from the past and present, though beowulf is often considered as the archetypal of an anglo-saxon literary work depicting the pagan life of the scandinavians. but a close analysis of their culture presents another perspective of history. some epic characters even elevate them...

literature and culture are two inseparable issues. when we talk about the culture, the literature can also appear unconsciously, because the culture is composed of thoughts, feelings and emotions and the styles and personal ways of society, which as a general rule, can appear in terms of principles and respectful rules. the literature on the other hand, discloses and transmits these concepts to...