α-Amino nitriles are synthesized in a one-pot, three-component coupling of aldehydes (or ketones), aniline, and trimethylsilyl cyanide using a catalytic amount of choline chloride.2ZnCl2 as a bio Lewis acidic ionic liquid. Mild Lewis acidic characteristic of this ionic liquid allows efficient synthesis of α-amino nitriles from acid sensitive aldehydes.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible association between Lewis phenotype status in pregnant women and preterm labor (PTL) or preterm rupture of the membranes (PROM). METHODS Red blood cell (RBC) Lewis phenotype was determined in 113 pregnant women admitted for PTL or PROM and in 121 controls. The results were controlled for the influence of race on Lewis phenotype....

The T cell response to the 65-kD mycobacterial heat-shock protein (Bhsp65) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis. Adjuvant arthritis (AA) induced in the Lewis rat (RT-1(l)) by injection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis serves as an experimental model for human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the immunological basis of regulation of acute AA, or of susceptibility/resis...

PURPOSE The immunohistochemical characterization of mucin peptide antigens and identification of blood group ABH- and Lewis-related carbohydrate antigens expressed in epithelium of normal human conjunctiva. METHODS Immunoperoxidase characterization of conjunctival glycoproteins was performed using antibodies against peptide and saccharide moieties of gastrointestinal mucins on conjunctival bi...

AIM Lewis antigens and the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen are complex glycan structures that modulate processes such as cell adhesion and proliferation and tumor metastasis. The aim of our study was to analyze the expression of sialyl Lewis A (sLeA), sialyl Lewis X (sLeX), Lewis Y (LeY), TF, galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) in human osteoblasts in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ...

BACKGROUND This study investigated the dual control mechanism of the Shuanghuang Shengbai granule in modulating the cell cycle in Lewis-bearing mice with cyclophosphamide induced myelosuppression. METHODS Thirty Lewis-bearing mice were randomly grouped into an untreated group, control group, and treated group. Both treated and untreated groups were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophospha...

BACKGROUND In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), tumor markers may be helpful to evaluate prognosis accurately as well as to improve therapy selection. Detection of human MUC1 has been widely employed for the evaluation of carcinoma patients. This article aims to study MUC1, Tn, sTn, and Lewis antigenic expression in primary HNSCC, lymph node metastasis, and local recurrences. MET...

α-Amino nitriles are synthesized in a one-pot, three-component coupling of aldehydes (or ketones), aniline, and trimethylsilyl cyanide using a catalytic amount of choline chloride.2ZnCl2 as a bio Lewis acidic ionic liquid. Mild Lewis acidic characteristic of this ionic liquid allows efficient synthesis of α-amino nitriles from acid sensitive aldehydes.

The migration of progenitor cells to specific microenvironments is essential for the development of complex organisms. Avian species possess a unique primary lymphoid organ, the bursa of Fabricius, that plays a central role in the development of B cells. B cell progenitors, however, arise outside the bursa of Fabricius and, during embryonic development, must migrate through the vasculature to t...