We calculate the abelianizations of the level L subgroup of the genus g mapping class group and the level L congruence subgroup of the 2g × 2g symplectic group for L odd and g ≥ 3. Historical note. I originally wrote this paper in March of 2008. Towards the end of that month, I gave a master class on the Torelli group at the University of Aarhus. That master class ended in a conference, and I h...

Interband mixing between two-dimensional states localized in a surface quantum well and heavy hole states of the valence band in narrow gap semiconductor Abstract Theoretical calculations in the framework of Kane model have been carried out in order to elucidate the role of interband mixing in forming the energy spectrum of two-dimensional carriers, localized in a surface quantum well in narrow...

We investigate the redshift dependence of the contribution to the extragalactic farinfrared/sub-millimeter background from galaxies detected by the Spitzer Space Telescope at 8μm and 24μm. Using seven-band optical to mid-infrared photometry, we estimate photometric redshifts for the Spitzer sources which appear to be mostly L∗ galaxies at a median redshift of z = 1.0. These sources, extracted f...

Edge detection in SAR images is a difficult problem due to the presence of speckle. However, the statistical properties of speckle in uniform regions of a SAR image can be used for the development of edge detectors. For singlechannel multi-look intensity images, the ratio-detector [1] is widely accepted to be the optimal edge detector. For multi-channel data, it is possible to apply the ratio-d...

This paper proposes a new error metric: discrete curvature error metric to generate the LOD meshes. Discrete curvature is a new formalized curvature as simplification criterion. It can represent surface shape well and be computed with geometric attributes, not any smooth approximation. Our new error metric is based on the discrete curvature so that LOD can be generated precisely, and controlled...

Focusing on scattering from natural media, dihedral (double bounce) scattering is often characterized as a soil-trunk double Fresnel reflection, like for instance, in most model-based decompositions. As soils are predominantly rough in agriculture, the classical Rank 1 dihedral scattering component has to be extended to account for soil roughness-induced depolarization. Therefore, an azimuthal ...

L-systems have been used in Computer Graphics, namely for modelling plants, as well as in a few experiments to model urban environments. However, the lack of geospatial awareness is a limitation and in spite of some developments like open L-systems, that introduced the ability to communicate with the environment, there was a need for more flexibility. This paper presents Geospatial L-systems, a...

This paper reports the validation results of burst misalignment for ScanSAR-ScanSAR interferometry of the Phased Array-type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2 (PALSAR-2) aboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2, “DAICHI-2”). After the internal software modification on 8 February 2015, ALOS-2 ScanSAR observation mode archives have been available for use in interferometric analysis, ...

The recently introduced[1] reconciliation of the theories of special relativity and wave mechanics implies that the mass-energy equivalence principle must be expressed mathematically as H = mv, where H is the total energy of a particle, m is its relativistic mass, and v is its velocity; not H = mc as was widely believed. In this paper, the equation H = mv will be used to calculate the energy le...

We numerically investigate the transition of the static quark-antiquark string into a static-light meson-antimeson system. Improving noise reduction techniques, we are able to resolve the signature of string breaking dynamics for n f = 2 lattice QCD at zero temperature. We discuss the lattice techniques used and present results on energy levels and mixing angle of the static two-state system. W...