In 2010, disease symptoms, including necrotic lesions on stems and leaves with circular yellow-brown or irregular brown color patches, were observed on cool-season turfgrass at golf courses (OHCC) and the Daegu University research farm in Gyeongbuk, Korea. We isolated the causal agent and identified it as Waitea circinata var. zeae by morphological characterization and molecular analysis. To th...

A series of N-(substituted pyridinyl)-1-methyl(phenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized. All target compounds were characterized by spectral data (¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, IR, MS) and elemental analysis and were bioassayed in vitro against three kinds of phytopathogenic fungi (Gibberella zeae, Fusarium oxysporum, Cytospora mandshurica). The results showed that so...

Leaf and sheath spot (mini ring) is a turfgrass fungal disease that has been reported in some states the USA. The causal pathogen Waitea circinata var. zeae, also known as Rhizoctonia zeae. This typically causes thinned turf areas and/or rings of full, half, or quarter circles. Turfgrass under stress irrigated with high salinity water more prone to infestation. Seven fungicide programs were eva...

A decade of losses and damage due to fusarium head blight in cereals in North America and other parts of the world has resulted in great efforts to understand the factors that cause and intensify the disease. This review considers our current understanding of the importance of the contribution of cultural practices to the increase or decrease of inoculum levels, spore dispersal, and biological ...

Isolates of Cercospora species from leaves displaying symptoms of grey leaf spot were collected in maize-producing areas of south-central Brazil in 2001 and 2002. Restriction digests of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA detected the presence of the same two Cercospora species described on maize in the United States, namely C. zeae-maydis and the recently described species, C. zeina...

A field trial was conducted for 2 years in an Arredondo fine sand containing a tillage pan at 15-20 cm deep to determine the influence of subsoiling on the distribution of corn roots and plant-parasitic nematodes. Soil samples were taken at various depths and row positions at 30, 60, and 90 days after planting in field corn subsoiled under the row with two chisels and in non-subsoiled corn. At ...

The aerial concentration of ascospores and macroconidia of Gibberella zeae (anamorph Fusarium graminearum) within small inoculated plots was measured over 2 years (1999 and 2000) in Manitoba. In July 1999, a 30 m × 30 m area was inoculated with corn kernels infested with G. zeae. Ten Rotorod spore samplers were set up in a line transect, trapping airborne ascospores of G. zeae from 1800 to 0200...

Three populations of the corn cyst nematode Heterodera zeae, one found in the rhizosphere of a fig tree and two infecting corn, were studied using the morphology and morphometry of cysts and second-stage juveniles, and compared with other populations. The intrapopulation and intraspecific variability are discussed. A simple and improved technique to prepare vulval cones for SEM is described. Th...

In this study, 10 species of Bipolaris viz.B. bicolor, B. cynodontis, B. cylindrica, B. hawaiiensis,B. prieskaensis, B. sorghicola, B. sorokiniana,B. spicifera, B. zeae and B. zeicola and four species of Curvularia viz.C. fallax, C. heteropogonicola, C. inaequalis and C. lunata were identified on graminicolous species or soil. Bipolaris cylindrica, B. prieskaensis, B. zeae,C. fallax and C. hete...

Head blight, caused by Gibberella zeae, is a significant disease among cereal crops, including wheat, barley, and rice, due to contamination of grain with mycotoxins. G. zeae is spread by ascospores forcibly discharged from sexual fruiting bodies forming on crop residues. In this study, we characterized a novel gene, ROA, which is required for normal sexual development. Deletion of ROA (Δroa) r...