Introduction: Critical organs and structures may receive significant amounts of irradiation even if they are not the target of radiotherapy or located outside the treatment field. Although the sensitive thyroid gland and lens are not directly the targets of treatment, they can be affected by irradiation during the treatment of tumours in head and neck region. The purpose of thi...

Introduction: Among the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane (BM), laminitis heterotrimeric glycoprotein (laminin) and collagen type IV are the most important. In a previous study we have examined the role of collagen type IV in the developing lens capsule. The present study aims to determine the appearance and distribution of laminin in the BM and ECM of lenses ...

  Introduction: The study of the cause of death during the last few decades has shown that death due to infectious diseases has been declining and has been rising due to noninvasive diseases, especially cancers and accidents. Cancer is considered as one of the fatal diseases, and every year, more than 10.9 million people worldwide are diagnosed with the disease. Mater...

Introduction: Consumption of morphine, during pregnancy, in addition to inducing defects in the mother’s nervous system function, caused defects or delays in the formation and evolution of embryonic visual system. In the present study, changes in lens development were assessed in embryos exposed to morphine in utero. Methods: Female Wistar rats (250-300 g) were mated with male rats and pregnanc...

Background: It has been estimated that 67 million people worldwide are affected with a primary glaucoma and that one-third have primary angle closure glaucoma. We aimed to determine the biometric differences between the eyes of patients with acute attack of primary angle closure and their non-involved fellow eyes. Methods: Twenty eight patients with acute attack of primary angle closure were re...

introduction: in cases of poor satisfaction with aphakic glasses and intolerant or reluctant to use contact lenses, secondary intraocular lens (iol) implantation provide an alternative aphakic vision correction. this study aimed to evaluate surgical problems.  intraoperative and postoperative complications and visual acuity outcomes of secondary anterior and posterior chamber intraocular lens i...

Background: Alopecia areata is a patchy hair loss that may occur in any hair bearing area on the body. There are many reports of ocular abnormalities such as lens and retinal changes in alopecia areata. Objective: To evaluate ocular alterations in alopecia areata with regard to the lens and retina. Patients & Methods: Seventy three patients with alopecia areata including 34 males and 39 f...

introduction: tomographical maps from the serial sections for light microscopy were prepared and reconstructed by autocad software. materials and methods: in this study, the three-dimensional reconstruction method was used and the following results were obtained (see below). results: 1) the surface ectodermal epithelium was thick and invaginated. 2) the invagination of surface ectodemal epithel...

purpose: to report clinical outcomes of crystalline lens extraction and iris claw artisan intraocular lens (iol) implantation in patients with lens subluxation secondary to marfan syndrome.  methods: this retrospective study enrolled 14 eyes of 12 marfan patients with lens subluxation who underwent crystalline lens removal and artisan iol implantation. pre- and post-operative data, including pa...

Lemongrass oil and d-limonene are typical flavor oils used in the food and cosmetic industries. Lemongrass oil displays some therapeutic properties such as analgesic, antimicrobial, fungicidal, deodorant, etc. Citral, the main active component of lemongrass oil, consists of a mixture of two isomeric acyclic monoterpene aldehydes: geranial and neral. Molecular encapsulation of these flavors was ...