Abstract. The flow inside and around large offshore wind farms can range from smaller structures associated with the mechanical turbulence generated by turbines to larger indicative of mesoscale flow. In this study, we explore variation in dominant scales vertical entrainment above located North Sea, using data obtained a research aircraft. aircraft was flown upstream, downstream, farm clusters...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are specific structures with valuable characteristics. In general, the structure of each nanotube is defined by a unique chiral vector. In this paper, different structures of short single-walled CNTs are simulated and their mechanical properties are determined using finite element method. For this aim, a simple algorithm is presented which is able to model the geometry o...

In this paper we enumerate k-noncrossing RNA pseudoknot structures with given minimum arc-and stack-length. That is, we study the numbers of RNA pseudoknot structures with arc-length ≥ 3, stack-length ≥ σ and in which there are at most k − 1 mutually crossing bonds, denoted by T [3] k,σ (n). In particular we prove that the numbers of 3, 4 and 5-noncrossing RNA structures with arc-length ≥ 3 and...

todays applying concrete structures is more usual than other structures which are used in buildings as in most of the world’s countries the application ratio of concrete to steel has increased from 10 to 1. sometimes these structures require strengthening vulnerable members because of deficiency in their loading system in usual and critical conditions. there are different methods for strengthen...

Cells contain elaborate and interconnected networks of protein polymers, which make up the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton governs the internal positioning and movement of vesicles and organelles and controls dynamic changes in cell polarity, shape, and movement. Many of these processes require tight control of the size and shape of cytoskeletal structures, which is achieved despite rapid turnov...

Binary multiplication continues to be one of the essential arithmetic operations in digital circuits. Even though field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are becoming more and more powerful these days, the vendors cannot avoid implementing multiplications with high word-lengths using embedded blocks instead of configurable logic. But on the other hand, the circuit’s efficiency decreases if the p...

In this paper we study k-noncrossing RNA structures with arc-length ≥ 3, i.e. RNA molecules in which for any i, the nucleotides labeled i and i + j (j = 1, 2) cannot form a bond and in which there are at most k − 1 mutually crossing arcs. Let S k,3 (n) denote their number. Based on a novel functional equation for the generating function P n≥0 S k,3 (n)z n , we derive for arbitrary k ≥ 3 exponen...

Nuclear receptors (NRs) can be conceptualized as highly dynamic scaffold proteins, where binding of ligand, DNA or transcriptional coregulator proteins can allosterically change the scaffold structure and direct changes in subsequent binding events. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Orlov et al present the first cryo-EM structure of a NR complex, a technically challenging feat for the 100-kDa ...

Trie is one of the data structures for keyword matching. The trie is used in natural language processing, IP address routing, and so on. It is represented by the matrix form, the link form, the double array, and LOUDS. The double array combines retrieval speed of the matrix form with compactness of the list form. LOUDS is a succinct data structure using bit-string. Retrieval speed of LOUDS is n...