We used a navigation system to insert 128 pedicle screws into 69 vertebrae (L1 to L3) of 49 consecutive patients. We assessed the pedicle isthmic width and the permission angle for pedicle screw insertion. The permission angle is the angle defined by the greatest medial and lateral trajectories allowable when placing the screw through the center of the pedicle. The rate of narrow-width pedicles...

INTRODUCTION Local pedicle flaps based on the sphenopalatine artery make it possible to reconstruct large defects of the skull base (SB). MATERIAL AND METHODS From January 2008 to January 2013, 64 lesions with involvement of SB were analysed. These lesions were treated using endoscopic endonasal approach and required a pedicle flap based on the sphenopalatine artery. In addition, measurements...

background and aims. various methods are used to measure the size and form of the teeth, including the golden proportion, and the width-to-length ratio of central teeth, referred to as the golden standard. the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of golden standard values and golden proportion in the anterior teeth. materials and methods. photographs of 100 dentistry students (50 ma...

in order to study the gene actions and heritability of the physical and chemical characteristics associated with appearance and cooking quality of rice grain, generation mean analysis was performed using a cross between two iranian rice cultivars, deylamani and sepidroud, having different quality characters. seeds of the parental lines and f1, f2, bc1 and bc2 generations were grown in randomize...

to conserve the genetic resources and identify the strong and weak points in sistan watermelon accessions and compare these with improved cultivars of: sugarbaby and fairfax, an experiment was carried out, based on rectangular lattic design of two replications in 2007. the morphological traits studied, included plant length, plant weight, seed weight, fruit number, fruit length, fruit width, su...

background: considering differences in head size and shape of different equine breeds, biometric parameters can be an attribute to a particular race. objectives: the purpose of the present paper is to give a numerical definition of morphological characteristics of head region of the darehshori horse. methods: twenty mature darehshori horses were studied biometrically. the ear length, ears dista...