The traditional medical system has made extensive use of plants and naturally occurring compounds derived from plants. plant been discovered to be phyto chemically abundant in tannins, terpenes, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, a variety new metabolites that have displayed notable pharmacological effects. Lumnitzera racemosa wild is non-viviparous evergreen shrub or small tree, an ...

Many of the nitroaromatic agents used in medicine function as prodrugs and must undergo activation before exerting their toxic effects. In most cases, this is catalyzed by flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent type I nitroreductases (NTRs), a class of enzyme absent from higher eukaryotes but expressed by bacteria and several eukaryotic microbes, including trypanosomes and Leishmania. Here, we u...

11 Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by several species of the protozoan parasite Leishmania and 12 affects approximately 10 million people worldwide. Currently available drugs are not ideal due to high 13 cost, toxicity, parenteral administration and suboptimal efficacy. Miltefosine is the only oral 14 treatment (Impavido®) available to treat CL, given over a period of 28 days with common...

We report a patient with fever, progressive jaundice and abdominal distension, having marked pallor, icterus, ascites and hepatosplenomegaly. Investigations revealed pancytopenia and deranged liver functions. Doppler study revealed portal hypertension and endoscopy showed grade II oesophageal varices. Liver biopsy suggested leishmanial hepatitis and bone marrow demonstrated multiple LD bodies. ...

Fractions obtained from partitioning of aerial methanolic extract of Euphorbia Aellenii with chloroform (E2), ethyl acetate (E3), n-butanol (E4) and water (E5) were investigated in vitro for their phytotoxicity, insecticidal, anti-leishmanial, cytotoxicity, antibacterial and antifungal activities. Sample E2 appeared to have significant phytotoxic activity. In the insecticidal screening study o...

BACKGROUND Plants used for traditional medicine produce diverse and complex secondary metabolites exhibiting various medicinal properties. The medicinal plant Haplophyllum tuberculatum is used by native people against malaria and parasitic infections. METHODS In this study and in order to contribute for the search of new natural drugs for leishmaniasis, the essential oils of H. tuberculatum l...

Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a hydrophilic pulmonary protein belonging to the collectin family, involved in lung homeostasis, the regulation of host defenses and inflammation. The present study addresses the activity of SP-A against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and its cytotoxicity for host cells. SP-A exhibited similar activity against both parasite forms, with an ...

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) have potent effects on innate and adaptive cellular immune responses. In this report, the ability of CpG ODN to confer long-term immunity and protection when used as a vaccine adjuvant with a clinical grade of leishmanial antigen, autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM), or a recombinant leishmanial protein was studied. In two different mouse models of L. major infecti...