Extrusion cooking as an attractive process for continuous food production has been extensively developed in recent years. The high temperature–short time extrusion cooking is used in the food industry to produce direct expanded products such as snack foods, breakfast cereals and pet foods (Miller, 1990; Moore, 1994; Rokey, 1994). Extrusion of food material results in starch gelatinization, dena...

Total carotenoids (TC) were determined as a measure of total xanthophylls in grain flours and grits, by new validated spectrophotometric method based on A1cm1%-approach. The general analytical procedure is easily adjustable to different samples, the number of extraction steps depending on TC concentration in the sample. Basically, two methods have been suggested: the rapid one for low-TC sample...

This study was aimed to find the formulation of composite flours from rice, cassava, and soybean flours, potato starch, and hydrocolloids, and also to find the egg replacer formulation from whey and soybean protein isolate. The composite flours and egg replacer then were used as wheat flour and egg alternatives in cake production, and some physicochemical and functional properties of the treate...

Dietary starch and proteins varies greatly in digestibility and its effects on the utilization of other nutrients. The variation appears to be due to differences in starch, protein and antinutrients affect the digestibility of foods. Processing treatments, storage conditions, chemical modification, and genetic breeding influence the digestibility of foods. Tempeh is a solid fermented soybean pr...

alpha-amylase activity of wheat flour is one of the important factors to determine its suitability for baguette bread making. in this study, setareh flour (81% extraction rate) was procured from six flourmills situated in six climatically different provinces. ph, moisture, ash, wet gluten and alpha-amylase activity tests were applied on flour samples and showed that the alpha-amylase activity i...

Optimisation of composite flour comprising pearl millet, kidney beans and tigernut with xanthan gum was evaluated for rheological evaluations. The functional properties of the composite flour were optimized using optimal design of response surface methodology. The optimum blends, defined as blends with overall best functional characteristics were run 3 (75.956% pearl millet, 17.692% kidney bean...

The demand for products of high nutritional value from sustainable sources is growing rapidly in the global food market. In this study, the effect of pH on the functional properties of lupin, green pea, fava bean, hemp, and buckwheat flours was investigated and compared with wheat flour. Functional properties included solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties, gelling ability, and water ho...

Legumes and probiotics are versatile food ingredients that can be incorporated into nutritious products. In this study, legume yogurts from flours (8% w/w) milks (16% were formulated using soybean (Glycine max), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), mung bean (Vigna radiata). The formulations with sugar (7%), xanthan gum (0.5%), commercial mix cultures containing starter (Streptococcus thermophilus Lacto...