Numerous studies indicate that γδ T cell receptor (γδTCR) expression alone does not reliably mark commitment of early thymic progenitors to the γδ fate. This raises the possibility that the γδTCR is unable to intrinsically specify fate and instead requires additional environmental factors, including TCR-ligand engagement. We use single cell progenitor assays to reveal that ligand acts instructi...

in order to investigate the effects of piriformospora indica and trichoderma tomentosum fungi on basil (ocimum basilicum l.) growth under copper nitrate levels, a pot experiment in factorial arrangement with three replicates was done during 2012. treatments were four levels of copper nitrate (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg kg-1 of soil) and four levels of fungal coexistence (non-inoculation control, in...

it has often been stated or implied that grazing is an important factor in the land degradation process, a suggestion supported by various research projects, and this study investigated the effect of livestock grazing on stem height, crowncover, production, basal diameter, stem biomass, litter, leaf-stem index (leaf to stem weight) , root diameter and weight and seed production per individual o...

some of the morpho-physiological characteristics related to the leaf growth and development of phaseolus vulgaris l. genotypes have been studied in the field conditions at the seed and plant improvement institute (spii). the study was performed as split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications in well-watered and water deficit conditions with eight genotypes ...

penetrating neck trauma is an important area of trauma care that has undergone evolution in the recent past. a remarkable number of changes have occurred in the treatment paradigm as new technologies have developed and as surgeons have explored the outcomes from different treatment protocols. therapy has evolved from no treatment (before effective anesthesia and instrumentation), to non operati...

background & aim: investigation of suspension cell culture and callus production in catharanthus roseus. catharanthus roseus is an herbaceous perennial plant belongs to the family apocynaceae. c. roseus is important as commercial medicinal plant because of its alkaloidal content. whole plant contains about 130 alkaloids those are classified as vinca alkaloids. vincristine and vinblastine; t...

dwarf chicory (cichorium pumilum jacq.) is one of the annual species from chicory genus grows in western and southern parts of iran. to date no study on this species has been carried out under the field conditions. in order to determine the suitable planting date of dwarf chicory, an experiment was conducted in a split plot layout based on randomized complete block design with three replication...