the aim of this study was to evaluate sport coaches' practical obligation towards their legal responsibilities from urmia athletes' viewpoints. the research method was descriptive–survey carried out as a field. 384 athletes of urmia city were randomly selected. a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data and its reliability was evaluated by test–retest method (coefficient...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship coach leadership behaviour and athlete mental health among Selangor individual sport athlete. Adopting a quantitative survey questionnaire, 93 SUKMA athletes will participate in identify their perception determine symptoms four major disorders: Anxiety Disorder, Depression, Suicidality Substance Abuse. By this, find whether those exp...

CONTEXT The use of sport-specific imagery during rehabilitation is sparse. Athletes who used imagery (either facilitative or debilitative) during injury rehabilitation were compared with injured athletes who did not use imagery. Return-to-practice anxiety in the groups was investigated also. OBJECTIVE To (1) explore debilitative images used during rehabilitation, (2) examine athlete and injur...

While theory and practice of sport have much to say about fear, stress and anxiety, they have little to say about courage. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a Sport Courage Scale. Data were collected from two groups of male and female athletes aged from 13 to 22 in different individual and team sports. The first set of data (N = 380) was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis...

Introduction: Defense mechanisms represent a crucial component of our capacity to maintain emotional homeostasis. The present study is carried out with the purpose of determining the predictability of psychological health and sport success by defense mechanisms used by elite athletes. Materials & Methods: A sample of 385 (285 male and 100 female) elite at...

The aim of this study was comparison satisfaction in athletes of leadership styles in the sport of karate.The research employs descriptive-correlation method.The population of the study, all athletes participating in the 2012 national competition in karate formed two studies (150 patients)from which the sample was taken of all methods Of which 80 were women and 70 were men.This study includes a...

BACKGROUND The ACTN3 gene may influence performance in team sports, in which sprint action and high-speed movements, regulated by the anaerobic energy system, are crucial to the ultimate success of a match. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739) polymorphism and elite team sport athletic status in Italian male athletes. METHODS We compared t...