Wireless sensor networks are composed of numerous small charge, little power devices with sensing, local processing and wireless communication capabilities. Minimizing energy consumption and maximizing network lifespan are significant issues in the design of routing protocols for sensor networks. In this paper, we analyses the efficiency of LEACH protocol in extending the existence for energy-c...

Title of Document: CHARACTERIZATION OF TRACE METAL LEACHING FROM MARYLAND COAL FLY ASHES Enes Ozkok, Master of Science, 2011 Directed By: Associate Professor Ahmet Aydilek, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Three coal fly ashes with different acid-base characteristics and their mixtures with an embankment soil were analyzed for arsenic, copper, and chromium leaching as function ...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of various homogeneous or heterogeneous sensor nodes deployed over an area. The most challenging issue in wireless sensor network research is its routing protocols as the sensors have limited power so protocols should be like it consumes less energy during active mode. To increase lifetime of a sensor network is to design protocols in such a way that it m...

Wireless Sensor Networks are networks composed of large number of tiny, batter dependent sensor nodes comprising of restricted on-board storage, processing and radio potentials. Nodes sense the information from the surroundings around them and forward it to the central node which is labelled as Base Station. In view of the fact that the nodes consume lots of energy for this processing of data, ...

The most important factor within the wireless sensor network is to have effective network usage and increasing the lifetime of the individual nodes in order to operate the wireless network more efficiently. Many routing protocols have been developed for this purpose. One of these is the LEACH protocol presented by Wendi Heinzelman, which is especially well known as a simple and efficient cluste...

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) comprises of sensor nodes, which form a network by building connections wirelessly, to send detected information from source to destination. Routing Protocols are utilized to shape honest to goodness and littlest routes between a starting node (source) and ending node (destination). Numerous WSN applications use various hierarchical routing protocols. Low Energy Ad...

Evaluation of metal leaching using a single leach test such as the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) is often questionable. The pH, redox potential (E(h)), particle size and contact time are critical variables in controlling metal stability, not accounted for in the TCLP. This paper compares the leaching behavior of metals in mineral processing waste via short-term extraction te...

In wireless sensor networks, sensor node always have a limited power resource. The energy consumed by sensor nodes to transfer the data to its destination becomes critical issue in designing WSN routing protocols. In this paper we propose a cluster routing protocol named I-LEACH to enhance the routing protocol LEACH. In the I-LEACH algorithm, selection of cluster heads is modified by using powe...

Abstraet--A method for the determination of the cations of Na, K, Mg and Ca adsorbed on clay minerals mixed with CaCO3 and MgCO3 is described. An ethanolic solution of LiC1-CsC1 is used to displace the exchangeable cations. Blank determinations performed using either a second ethanolic leach or a second LiC1-CsC1 leach, are used to correct for carbonate dissolution. Details of the methods devel...