miskawayh regards intellect as the essence and non-material substance of human soul and mentions “virtue” as the sovereignty of intellect over the faculties of the soul (nafs) and its actions, the resul of which is the freedom of intellect in dealing with theoretical contemplations and the outcome of these contemplations is “wisdom”, that is the “happiness” of the soul. therefore, happiness rel...

This paper compares epistemic virtue from the viewpoints of Zagzebski and Mulla Sadra, aiming to determine the extent to which their viewpoints on epistemic virtue are similar. Zagzebski, the contemporary philosopher, considers epistemic virtue as the basis on which knowledge is interpreted. She sees epistemic virtue as a requirement for achieving knowledge. Mulla Sadra, the founder of Transcen...

The Portuguese Constitution, in article 22, instituted the general principle of tort liability of the State and other public law entities. Consequently, ordinary legislation established the tort liability of the State into the Portuguese Legal Order, by means of Decree-Law 48051, of 1967. This decree, which was criticised extensively, was amended by virtue of Law 67/2007, of 31 December, establ...

virtue epistemology is a class of recent approaches to epistemologythat, in contrast with analytic epistemology, focuses on epistemicevaluation of persons’ properties, rather than properties of beliefs.this paper seeks to explain the nature of virtue epistemology as wellas its main approaches. explaining the nature of epistemic virtue as areliable belief-forming faculty and the character traits...

Abstract This article examines early Jewish ideas of virtue that are usually ignored in presentations the history discourse. We analyze use Greek term ἀρετή Apocrypha Septuagint; all occurrences texts were originally composed Greek. argue discussion on virtues – ideal human qualities and ways living has three thematic foci: (1) training, (2) courage, (3) suffering its postmortem rewards. Virtue...

RECENT YEARS have seen the publication of studies advocating an orientation for Christian ethics based upon virtue. Stanley Hauerwas, Alasdair Maclntyre, Paul J. Wadell, Jean Porter, Daniel Mark Nelson, and others are associated with this approach. To many who had known and experienced Roman Catholic moral theology in the decades before Vatican II, this invitation to a restoration of virtue eth...

Frequently, philosophers use examples to make their ideas clearer readers. Later, commentators take these and go beyond the philosophers’ original intentions. This doubtless occurs because example is so well-chosen that it prompts questions or problems did not concern example’s originator at time. While may serve its context well, however, cannot respond for which was devised. case with famous ...