calligraphy, as a prominent art incorporated into persian and islamic architecture, supplys messages and brings beauty to the eyes of the beholder. the most important messages in architecture are directly expressed by inscriptions. different types of inscriptions are shaped in the form of mosaic works, multiple painted patterns, tiles, bricks or plaster techniques. although in qajar period trad...

This paper aims to scrutinize the identity layers in artworks of Qajar era. Identity art has different and each layer depends on aspects. Era is one culturally productive periods Iran. It also had widespread relations with West matters. Thus several culture can be seen this period. The research tries answer question: what are their priorities found Lithographed Manuscripts religious themes Era?...

Abstract This article introduces Julius Heise’s Marche Triomphale which reveals a history that was eliminated during the nineteenth century race theory publications. Beginning with an account of Iranians’ encounters European military music, this provides brief Iranian bands in style, or muzikānchiān . It then addresses racial motivations behind short on music 1885 by Victor Advielle, French adm...

Today, there are a few dozens of historical index houses in the city Sabzevar. Reviews show that up until now, despite the presence of their special characteristics, variety and role, there have not been comprehensive studies about them but through the presence of valuable samples from various historical periods (Teymouri, Safavid, Qajar, Pahlavi), their exposure to destruction through changing...

nameh-ye_khosravan is a work of jalal al-din mirza, son of fath ali shah qajar, which was written during the reign of naser al-din shah qajar. in accordance to this era’s way of thinking, the illustrated manuscript of the nameh-ye khosravan is characteristically written in persian script, the arabic words and vocabularies are removed from it and the kings of the pre-islamic era of iran are illu...