In the 21st century, with rise of popularity standardized or large-scale tests, their high-stakes have started to be apparent. High-stake tests are not new, but in most cases, current use as social practice tends shape individuals’ futures. Currently new trend for quality discussion aims critically evaluate through focus on functions, and power testing discourse, whereas traditionally what was ...

background and purpose: a 3-unit course is dedicated to general language in medical universities and the vocabulary and text structure of the courses have usually no relation to medical language. we examine whether teaching general language will be as effective as medical language as assessed through recall of general and medical vocabulary and text structure knowledge. methods: an experimental...

Two of the major assumptions that statistical tests make (random sampling, distribution of the data) are not tenable for most typological data. We suggest to use randomization tests, which avoid these assumptions. Randomization is applicable to frequency data, rank data, scalar measurements and ratings, so most typological data can be analyzed with the same tools. We provided a free computer pr...

the present study attempts to investigate parsing preferences (early vs. late closure) of native and l2 learners of both english and persian when they read ambiguous relative clauses. the purpose is to find out if l2 learners process l2 linguistic input in the way monolingual speakers of that language do. the participants took tests including 10 test sentences plus 10 distractors, each followed...