tehran the capital city of iran, with a population of about 8 million and an area of over 700 km2 is one of the most polluted metropolises in the world. tehran is suffering from a tremendous reduction in its sink capacity for absorption and assimilation of pollution which is generally due to uncontrolled urban sprawl and failure in consideration of ecological aspects into regional land use plan...

this paper presents a new approach for assessing agricultural landscapes based on mixturemethods and the study and definition of aesthetic attributes as lines, forms, texture, spatial composition, scaleand color as they are the closest to human perceptual aesthetic attributes. a set of variables capable ofquantifying those attributes in a simple, objective and systematized way will be proposed....

urban design and landscape architecture are considered as modern art (knowledge) which are developed through integration of various art and science fields of studies. formal emergence of urban design in 60s and landscape design is occurred at the beginning of 20th century. the success of these two fields is because of their attention to environmental qualities upgrade in public and open spaces ...

human activities induced changes in land cover/use have extensive impacts on the landscape. in recent years, these changes had an increasingly growth due to irrational use of the natural resources in iran. hence, considering the negative effects of the inappropriate use of land and land-use change, understanding of the landscape changes over time is necessary to planning and implementation of s...

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Relevant management decisions are directly subjected to our ability to characterize landscape pattern: the amount and arrangement of spatial variability. The primary objectives of our project were (1) to develop new exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) methods to evaluate and quantify landscape spatial heterogeneity across spatial scales, and (2) to assess the sensitivity of widely used lan...

Many organizational theories are not sanguine over the chances of organizations to adapt and evolve, even if they should learn from the past through memory. Innovative search in the adaptive biology tradition leads quickly to dead ends. However, memory is useful for rendering innovative search more efficient. The concept from evolutionary biology of neutrality and drift along neutral pathways i...