Our study investigated the potential for important in vivo drug-nutrient transport interactions at the lactating mammary gland using the L-carnitine transporter substrates, cefepime and L-carnitine, as proof-of-concept. On d 4 (n = 6/treatment) and d 10 (n = 6/treatment) of lactation, rats were administered cefepime (250 mg/h) or saline by continuous i.v. infusion (4 h). Serum and milk L-carnit...

BACKGROUND Many medications can be used safely and effectively to provide health benefits for disease state management during pregnancy with minimal risk to the fetus or mother. Today nine out of ten women take at least one medication during pregnancy, and the number of women taking four or more medications has more than doubled over the past 30 years. However, the lack of safety data combined ...

Although expression of the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase in breast cancer is generally regarded as a marker for favorable patient prognosis, controversial exceptions have been reported. Alternative splicing of ErbB4 pre-mRNAs results in the expression of distinct receptor isoforms with differential susceptibility to enzymatic cleavage and different downstream signaling protein recruitment pote...

Production of milk is a key characteristic of mammals, but the features of lactation vary greatly between monotreme, marsupial and eutherian mammals. Marsupials have a short gestation followed by a long lactation period, and milk constituents vary greatly across lactation. Marsupials are born immunologically naïve and rely on their mother's milk for immunological protection. Koalas (Phascolarct...

Spontaneous mammary tumors occur in middle aged or senile dogs and are of three principal pathological types; a diffuse epithelial and connective tissue overgrowth often with associated cartilage and bone; solid masses of epithelial cells; intracystic papillomatous tumors. The metastases in this series were always composed of papillary carcinomatous cysts; this tissue in transplants to abdomina...

stillbirth is defined as a calf death just prior to, during, or within 24 to 48 h of parturition. the exact cause of calf death in dairy cows in this period of time is unknown. the objective of this study was to investigate about the effective factors on stillbirth and also to estimate some of the genetic parameters in iranian dairy holsteins. data in the first and second lactation that have be...

Background: In Nigeria decoctions and aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica A. juss (AI), are commonly used in the treatment of malaria. Some women have been observed consuming aqueous extract of AI during pregnancy and lactation because of the folkloric belief that it is potentially harmless. Objectives: There is a paucity of data on the effects of consumption of AI during pregnancy and lactat...

Studies have established that the highest monthly milk yield in cows of all groups was noted third month lactation. In this lactation III group with a live weight 481 kg and more, was, respectively, 44 24 higher than peers I II groups. The I, 12.33%, 12.37% 12.53% per confirmed level payment for feed dairy products is closely related to production cows. cost units high-yielding noticeably lower...

the aim of the present study was to compare the occurrence and duration of clinical mastitis in different seasons, stages of lactation period and parities in a holstein dairy farm in iran. a retrospective epidemiological survey from april 2005 to march 2008 was conducted on 884 clinical mastitis cases of 7437 lactations. data of each case including calendar-date of mastitis onset, days in milk ...