Areas with low, adequate and excessive I content in water co-exist in China. Limited data are currently available on I nutrition and thyroid disease in lactating women and their breast-fed infants with different I intakes. This study aimed to evaluate I nutrition in both lactating women and their infants and the prevalence of thyroid disease in areas with different levels of I in water. From Ja...

The calcium status of lactating, non-lactating, and male sheep on farm in southwestern Punjab, Pakistan was studied. Pasture and animal were sampled at the end of the first month of summer and winter. All samplings were carried out fortnightly. A mineral supplement was available to all animals throughout the year. Plasma calcium in all animals was not affected by the physiologic state and gende...

1. Ribosomes prepared from bovine lactating mammary gland are able to synthesize protein, whereas similar preparations from non-lactating glands are not. Washing the ribosome suspensions through a medium containing 0.5m-ammonium chloride enhanced their ability to incorporate phenylalanine into polyphenylalanine. 2. Ribosomes isolated from non-lactating bovine mammary gland, in contrast with tho...

One critical determinant of fertility is the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy after insemination or embryo transfer. Pregnancy success is low in lactating dairy cows. Reduced fertility of the dairy female is only expressed in the lactational state but the magnitude of depression of fertility is not related to milk yield. Pregnancy failure occurs throughout gestation with the greatest ...

Prolactin (PRL), an anterior pituitary hormone with neurogenic properties associated with pregnancy, has been implicated in oligodendrocyte proliferation during gestation, contributing to increased myelination in the maternal brain. However, PRL is elevated during lactation as well, suggesting that the postpartum (PP) period may contribute to additional gliogenesis in lactating females. In the ...

The metabolism of antibody-excess immune complexes was compared in lactating and normal female BALB/c mice. The initial rate of clearance of the antigen, dinitrophenyl- (DNP) ovalbumin, when complexed with mouse anti-DNP antibody was considerably faster in lactating mice. The half-life was 4 min in lactating mice compared with 8 min in normal female mice. Tissue distribution studies revealed th...

BACKGROUND Convincing evidence exist that carnitine synthesis and uptake of carnitine into cells is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARA), a transcription factor which is physiologically activated during fasting or energy deprivation. Sows are typically in a negative energy balance during peak lactation. We investigated the hypothesis that genes involved in carnitine...

Intravenous infusions of glucose and/or glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)-amide (GLP) or somatostatin-28 (S28) were administered to dry and lactating sheep and changes in plasma glucose and serum insulin were followed before, during and after infusion. Basal serum insulin concentrations were significantly lower in lactating sheep but there was no significant difference in plasma glucose concentrati...

A survey was conducted in Southwestern, Punjab, Pakistan during two different seasons to assess the status of selenium of three different classes of grazing sheep. Blood plasma from lactating, non-lactating and male sheep were collected four times monthly in winter and summer seasons and analyzed for selenium concentration. Seasonal variations were found for plasma selenium concentration. Selen...

The histological study was carried out on mammary glands collected from 14 Madras red sheep, 7 in lactating period 7 in non-lactation period. The connective tissue became reduced and lobuloalveolar tissue was predominantly increased during lactating period. The alveoli were laminated, filled with secretion and lined by cuboidal active secretory cells containing lipid droplets and protein granul...