β-Lactams in the last thirty years have been viewed as universal acylating agents of serine and cysteine enzymes both prokaryotic eukaryotic systems. More recently, their use has propelled by COVID-19 pandemic, thus broadening application inhibitors viral enzymes. The urea-based drugs extensively studied aforementioned focus this review is decade’s drug discovery strategies, well new strategies...

in this paper the synthesis of some new polyaromatic monocyclic β-lactams has been reported. these cycloadducts have been synthesized by the [2+2] ketene-imine cycloaddition reaction known as the staudinger reaction. all of the products have been fully characterized by ir, 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr, mass spectroscopy and elemental analyses. the x-ray crystal structure of a cis β-lactam has been also pres...

When Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya separated from each other, a great deal of evolution had taken place. Only then did extensive diversity arise. The bacteria split off with the new property that they had a sacculus that protected them from their own turgor pressure. The saccular wall of murein (or peptidoglycan) was an effective solution to the osmotic pressure problem, but it then was a targ...

A new family of β-lactams is described that enables anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP) to prepare nylon-3 materials bearing diverse appended functionality, including carboxylic acid, thiol, hydroxyl and secondary amine groups. Nylon-3 copolymers generated with the new β-lactams are shown to display distinctive self-assembly behavior and biological properties.

A straightforward synthesis of 4,4-spirocyclic indol γ-lactams by tandem radical cyclization of iodoaryl allyl azides with CO was achieved. The reaction of iodoaryl allyl azides, TTMSS and AIBN under CO pressure (80 atm) in THF at 80 °C gave the desired 4,4-spirocyclic indoline, benzofuran, and oxindole γ-lactams in moderate to good yields.

Beta-lactams exert their antibiotic action through their inhibition of bacterial DD-peptidases (penicillin-binding proteins). Bacteria, in general, carry several such enzymes localized on the outside of their cell membrane to catalyze the final step in cell wall (peptidoglycan) synthesis. They have been classified into two major groups, one of high molecular weight, the other of low. Members of...

Transporters are major determinants of the disposition of xenobiotics and endogenous chemicals in the body. Organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3) functions in the kidney and brain to remove metabolic waste, toxins, and drugs, and thus transports diverse chemicals. Some b-lactam antibiotics interact with Oat3, and penicillin G exhibits a strong dependence on Oat3 for renal elimination. However, ove...

The effectiveness of newer macrolides in acute Q fever for 113 patients was recorded. The mean times to defervescence were 2.9 days for doxycycline and 3.3, 3.9, 3.9, and 6.4 days for clarithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin, and beta-lactams, respectively (P < 0.01 for macrolides versus beta-lactams). We conclude that macrolides may be an adequate empirical antibiotic therapy for acute Q fe...

Background. Skin tests with soluble b-lactams can be used to diagnose immediate and delayed hypersensitivity (HS) reactions to b-lactam antibiotics. Very few studies have been performed with children with suspected b-lactam allergy. In these studies, immediate HS to b-lactams was diagnosed by skin tests in 4.9% to 40% of children. The diagnostic and predictive values of immediate responses in s...