Event-related potentials were recorded during the visual presentation of words in the three languages of French-English-Spanish trilinguals. Participants monitored a mixed list of unrelated non-cognate words in the three languages while performing a semantic categorization task. Words in L1 generated earlier N400 peak amplitudes than both L2 and L3 words, which peaked together. On the other han...

Cuiqin Xu, Nanjing University Yanren Ding, Nanjing University The advance of computer input log and screen-recording programs over the last two decades has greatly facilitated research into the writing process in real time. Using Inputlog 4.0 and Camtasia 6.0 to record the writing process of 24 Chinese EFL writers in an argumentative task, this study explored L2 writers’ pausing patterns in com...

The longitudinal effects of repeating a timed classroom writing activity on the EFL (English as a Foreign Language) student’s L2 (second language) writing development were investigated. Data for 46 students were collected 30 times over one year. The students’ compositions were analyzed for fluency and for grammatical and lexical complexity. Text analysis using Coh Metrix and visual analysis of ...

This study examined the effects of cognitive task complexity increase on the complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) as well as the temporal distribution of the cognitive and metacognitive processes involved in computer-mediated L2 written production. To this end, the study employed a between-subjects experimental design with 85 EFL learners from a language learning institute in Iran. Participa...

“Soliloquizing” refers to the self-talk practice of a language learner through verbalizing thoughts using their target language. Through years research, scholars have maintained that soliloquizing has potential promote learners’ oral fluency in unscripted speech; nevertheless, empirical validation yet be confirmed. The aims current study were two-fold: (1) empirically establish pedagogical effi...

When English is regarded as the lingual franca in global world, learners’ communicative competence emphasized. In China, however, most of L2 willingness to communicate and relatively low. This article focus on how improve Chinese IELTS poor classroom. I mainly use guided strategic planning narrative tasks enhance fluency complexity.

It is unknown whether and to what extent cognitive individual differences may play different roles in paper versus computer-based second language (L2) writing. This exploratory study a first attempt explore this issue, focusing on the effects of working memory aptitude quality L2 writing performance. Forty-two Spanish learners English performed problem-solving task either digitally or paper, to...

One of the most popular beliefs among English L2 learners is that watching TV series can help them speak language fluently. While it seemingly genuine, as supported by many learning websites and successful learners, further investigations on this subject matter have been minimal. Therefore, research aims to find out roles in improving learners’ fluency English. In qualitative research, in-depth...