In 1994, two years after the foundation of a de facto Semi-Autonomous Kurdistan Region, civil war between Democratic Party (KDP) and Patriotic Union (PUK) broke out, jeopardizing all Kurdish national movement had achieved. While US-brokered Washington Peace Agreement in 1998 brought an end to war, its consequences remained entrenched region's socio-political governance framework. This article e...

BACKGROUND Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a key enzyme of the pentose monophosphate pathway, and its deficiency is the most common inherited enzymopathy worldwide. G6PD deficiency is common among Iraqis, including those of the Kurdish ethnic group, however no study of significance has ever addressed the molecular basis of this disorder in this population. The aim of this study is t...

BACKGROUND Many ethnic minority populations have poorer health than the general population. However, there is limited knowledge on the possible ethnic gap in physical mobility. We aim to examine the prevalence of mobility limitations in working-age Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin migrants in comparison to the general population in Finland. We also determine whether the association between et...

The evolution of studies of political parties of constitution: The first and second periods show that the evolution of parties indicates that researchers' attitude to political pheno-mena also coincide with the evolution of political realities has been transformed, and the consideration of ideologies in the analysis of the parties have replaced with religious perspectives and anti-authoritarian...

There were over 2000 applications for asylum from Turkish nationals to the UK in 2003. A large proportion of these were person of Kurdish origin, many of whom claimed to have suffered torture. We sought to evaluate the physical and psychological effects of torture in those with physical injuries. A total of 97 Kurdish asylum seekers requiring medical evaluation for evidence of torture were exam...

beta-Thalassemia is a hereditary disease caused by any of 90 different point mutations in the beta-globin gene. Specific populations generally carry a small number of mutations, the most common of which are those that are widely distributed regionally. The present study constitutes an extensive molecular characterization of this disease in a small, highly inbred ethnic group with a high inciden...

BACKGROUND Recently, a national breast cancer screening program has been introduced in Iran.The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of breast cancer screening uptake among Kurdish women, in order to identify those characteristics that may be potentially associated with the screening uptake. METHODS Through a cross sectional study, in 2014, a random sample of 561 women aged 40 ye...

This study investigates the tone of political candidates’ election coverage in the evening newscasts of four Iraqi satellite television channels: Iraqia (state-run), Furat (Shiite), Hurria (Kurdish), and Baghdad (Sunni) for the 14 days leading up to the 7 of March 2010 Iraqi general election. Iraq is believed to have a new liberal and plural media that emerged after 2003 which is different from...