a r t i c l e i n f o This paper presents a theoretical model of firm-specific productivity growth that incorporates technological knowledge by electrification and tests the model empirically. Our theoretical explanations suggest that the energy-transformation from fossil fuel to electricity by electrification could cause a decrease in the short-term level of productivity but an increase in the...

background and aims: virus infections represent some of the most important diseases of lily, plants because of the devastating effects caused to the crops and the absence of effective treatments. a survey for virus diseases of lilies, revealed the occurrence of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) in plants growing in tehran province, iran. materials and methods: during 2013, 50 lily samples with virus-...

In a recent issue of the Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology (APJMT), the importance of empowering medical toxicology in the Asia Pacific Region has been discussed. In the editorial by Dr. Afshari, it has been stated that national societies of medical toxicology are important infrastructure for the development of medical toxicology, and the Asia Pacific Association of Medical Toxicology ...

BACKGROUND Temperament is one of the key concepts in traditional Persian medicine (TPM), which is the quality that will be obtained by the reaction between the four elements of water, earth, fire and air, and its property is different from the component property. According to TPM, temperament is influenced by many factors and the bulk of the body is one of these factors. In this study, we aimed...

we conducted this cross-sectional study to examine the relationships between problematic alcohol drinking, unhealthy habits and socio-demographic factors based on the fourth korean national health and nutrition examination survey (knhanes iv).we analyzed a total of 13,488 participants based on the data collected from the knhanes iv performed between 2007 and 2009.the frequency of binge and heav...

The full-genome sequences of fourteen isolates of Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), collected from broad bean, pea, spinach, bell pepper and paprika plants in Korea during the years 2006-2012, were determined and analyzed comparatively along with fifteen previously reported BBWV2 genome sequences. Sequence analyses showed that RNA-1 and RNA-2 sequences of BBWV2 Korean isolates consisted of 5950-...

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) are widely used medicinal plants with similar morphology but different medicinal efficacy. Roots, flowers, and processed products of Korean and American ginseng can be difficult to differentiate from each other, leading to illegal trade in which one species is sold as the other. This study was carried out to develop conve...