smoking is known as a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and hence immediate and effective interventions are required for its elimination. this study aimed to collect valid data with regard to cigarette smoking in adult population of north of iran for policy making by a meta-analysis of the documents of national non-communicable disease risk factors surveillance system....

the robust coloring problem (rcp) is a generalization of the well-known graph coloring problem where we seek for a solution that remains valid when extra edges are added. the rcp is used in scheduling of events with possible last-minute changes and study frequency assignments of the electromagnetic spectrum. this problem has been proved as np-hard and in instances larger than 30 vertices, meta-...

This paper browses through some well-known meta-heuristic search strategies, and briefly discusses some of their recent applications to the VLSI layout design process. It starts with very brief description of the different phases of VLSI layout design, and a brief overview of Meta-Heuristic search strategies. Since most of the VLSI layout design problems are hard optimization problems, the conc...

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