History Guy Leroy Hunner, a Boston gynaecologist, described this inflammatory bladder disease a century ago in great detail for the first time in a series of papers, the first being published in 1914 (republished in 1915). In this first paper he writes: “While cystoscopy usually reveals only one inflammatory spot, there may be two or three granulation areas near together or somewhat separated, ...

Rheumatoid arthritis is a complex disease where predetermined and stochastic factors conspire to confer disease susceptibility. In light of the diverse responses to targeted therapies, rheumatoid arthritis might represent a final common clinical phenotype that reflects many pathogenic pathways. Therefore, it might be appropriate to begin thinking about rheumatoid arthritis as a syndrome rather ...

Public announcement logic is an extension of multi-agent epistemic logic with dynamic operators to model the informational consequences of announcements to the entire group of agents. We propose an extension of public announcement logic with a dynamic modal operator that expresses what is true after any announcement: ♦φ expresses that there is a truthful announcement ψ after which φ is true. Th...

the present research is seeking to assess the technical efficiency of bank sepah branches (in tehran province) and to identify the factors which exert influence on it. data over the period 2005-2007 relating to 52 different branches of tehran province sepah bank. in order to do this, the estimated stochastic cost function with the use of maximum likelihood (ml) method has been exercised in this...

Our exploration is not a science-fiction essay. We do not try to imagine how music will be conceptualized, experienced and mediated by our yet-to-come research, technological achievements and music gizmos. Alternatively, we reflect on how the discipline should evolve to become consolidated as such, in order it may get an effective future instead of becoming, after a promising start, just a “wou...

Inferring AS-level end-to-end paths can be a valuable tool for both network operators and researchers. A widely known technique for inferring end-to-end paths is to perform traceroute from sources to destinations. Unfortunately, traceroute requires the access to source machines and is resource consuming. In this paper, we propose two algorithms for AS-level end-to-end path inference. The key id...