Response modification factors (R-factor) are used in current seismic building codes to reduce earthquake forces associated with seismic design level to determine force levels. In recent years, many authors have shown great interest in the development of seismic structural systems and several theoretical and experimental studies have been conducted to investigate performance of dampers but littl...

The design and behavior of a ductile structural system called a knee-braced moment frame are presented in this paper. The design of this structural system is based on a capacity-design concept that results in ductile behavior. The knee part is a fuse-like component that dissipates energy by the formation of plastic flexural and/or shear hinges at its ends and mid-span, when the building is subj...

This paper is an experimental study on the behavior of vertical shear link in the single and double configurations. There have been three specimens selected for examining the effects of different details .The first specimen was an I section with no stiffener, while the second specimen composed of I section with stiffeners designed according to AISC 2005. Third specimens were composed of two I s...

OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of muscle active forces on lower extremity injuries for various impact locations and impact angles for a freely standing pedestrian. METHODS FE simulations have been performed using a validated lower extremity FE model with active muscles (A-LEMS). In all, nine impact orientations have been studied. For each impact ori...