In this article, the improved space-time conservation element and solution element (CESE) method are used to simulate the dynamic treatment of the hydrocracking reactor. The dynamic model consists of four lumps: vacuum gas oil (VGO), middle distillate, naphtha, and gas which is dissolved by this method. The offered method can solve the partial differential equations caused by the reactions insi...

Kinetic modeling of Secondary Organic Aerosol formation: effects of particleand gas-phase reactions of semivolatile products A. W. H. Chan, J. H. Kroll, N. L. Ng, and J. H. Seinfeld Departments of Environmental Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA Received: 7 May 2007 – Acce...

The paper shows the results of the convective heat transfer prediction in turbulent axisymmetric jets impinging onto a flat plate using the newest version (2006) of the k-ω turbulence model of Wilcox [1]. Improvements to the heat transfer predictions are obtained in the strongly strained flow regions with the impingement invariant proposed by Manceau [2] together with the F1 function proposed b...

The analysis of impeller shape performance was carried out with the SST (Shear-Stress Transport) model coupled with the streamline curvature turbulence model. This model combines the advantages from the κ−ε and κ−ω models, ensuring proper relation between turbulent stress and turbulent kinetic energy and allowing accurate and robust prediction of the impeller blade flow separation. The Multiple...

Many kinetic plasma instabilities, in quite di erent physical systems, share a genuinely similar mathematical structure near isolated phase-space islands. For this reason, dynamical features such as faster-than-exponential growth of the instability, as well as nonlinear frequency sweeping, are found to be universal. Numerical f methods, which follow the evolution of the (nonlinear) perturbed di...

Molecular imaging using PET provides a unique tool for noninvasively investigating the biochemistry of living organs. The wide range of radiolabeled molecules makes it possible to explore various biochemical, physiologic, and pharmacologic processes in vivo. Because each radiotracer is characterized by its particular kinetic behavior in the human body, the quantification of this behavior is a c...

Transcription elongation is the process by which RNA polymerase (RNAP) moves along template DNA and synthesizes a complementary RNA. During elongation, RNAP carries out a highly processive and directional net motion, even in the presence of a large external load. From an energetics point of view, RNAP is a molecular motor capable of converting chemical energy derived from NTP hydrolysis into me...

Dynamic Modeling of the Human Coagulation Cascade Using Reduced Order Effective Kinetic Models Report Title Cell-free systems offer many advantages for the study, manipulation and modeling of metabolism compared to in vivo processes. Many of the challenges confronting genome-scale kinetic modeling can potentially be overcome in a cell-free system. For example, there is no complex transcriptiona...

The complexity of metabolic networks and their regulation renders an intuitive analysis of these biological systems a difficult task. Mathematical modeling approaches help to deal with this complexity, making them an important tool for metabolic engineering. Different methods were developed, ranging from basic stoichiometric models up to fine-grained kinetic models. Kinetic modeling is the most...