chronic kidney disease (ckd) is a major public health problem that often goes unrecognized until late-stagedisease. patients with chronic kidney disease face with uremic toxins and hyperkalemia. also fluid overloadin ckd patients is associated with rapid decline in kidney function. lactulose is a hyper osmotic agent andas a prebiotic plays an important role in regulating serum urea and potassiu...

background: today, renal disease is one of the major worldwide health problems. it has a high prevalence, which increases 8% annually. incidence of renal disease and treatment techniques can affect the quality of life, health status and social roles of patients. the aim of the current study was to determine the quality of life of dialysis and kidney transplant patients and compare it to healthy...

background: the prevalence of vitamin d deficiency is higher in end-stage renal disease (esrd) patients compared to healthy populations. this deficiency could lead to several complications with different mechanisms and might result in reduced survival in patients. leptin and adiponectin are messenger proteins with endocrine secretion from adipocytes and various effects in cellular mechanisms. t...

conclusions those with inadequate health literacy had lower kidney knowledge and lower adherence compared to those with adequate health literacy. after controlling for education, health literacy was significantly associated with kidney knowledge and adherence. patients with higher health literacy had higher kidney knowledge and adherence behaviors. in addition, knowledge was a mediator of healt...

recent studies suggested the role of white blood cells (wbcs) in the pathogenesis and complications of type 2 diabetes. increased wbc counts predict mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (ckd). in this study alterations in wbc subpopulations in diabetic patients with non-dialysis dependent ckd are investigated. this was a cross-sectional study  on 376 participants, including   272 d...

background :attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) is the most common childhood neurological disorder. this disorder is more prevalent in some chronic diseases. the aim of this study was to investigate adhd in children with early stages of chronic kidney disease (ckd) and to compare it with healthy children.   methods : seventy five 5-16-year-old children with early stages of ckd (stag...

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (adpkd) is an inherited disorder associated with multiple cyst formation in the different organs. development of pancreatic cyst in adpkd is often asymptomatic and is associated with no complication. a 38‑year‑old man with adpkd was presented with six episodes of acute pancreatitis and two episodes of cholangitis in a period of 12 months. various ima...

background contrast-induced nephropathy (cin) is one of the most important complications of angiography in patients with chronic kidney disease (ckd) or diabetes mellitus. the prevention of cin can decrease therapeutic costs and hospital stays. there is controversy in the literature over the preventive effect of statins on cin. objectives this study was designed to evaluate the preventive effec...