BACKGROUND Nipple-sparing techniques have improved the aesthetics of reconstruction following mastectomy, but nipple necrosis complicates up to 37% of procedures, distressing patients, delaying adjuvant therapy, and compromising outcomes. No method reliably detects nipple necrosis better than clinical assessment of tissue perfusion. We prospectively assessed the accuracy of intraoperative indoc...

BACKGROUND Nipple creation using the C-V flap technique is often the final step in breast reconstruction. The aim of this study was to subjectively and objectively assess the cosmetic outcomes and satisfaction of patients undergoing C-V flap nipple reconstruction. METHODS Subjective assessments of patient satisfaction with the neo-nipple were recorded by visual analogue scoring (VAS; 0...

Sir, The most important features of a natural reconstructed nipple are symmetry and a durable valid vertical projection. A frequent drawback of the methods currently used for nipple reconstruction is the loss of nipple projection in the longer post‐operative term. Although numerous nipple‐areolar complex reconstruction techniques have been described,[1‐3] common among these techniques is a fail...

Leiomyomas are benign smooth-muscle tumours and their cutaneous forms rare clinical entities with subtypes including pilar leiomyoma, angioleiomyoma, genital leiomyoma. Nipple leiomyomas, arising from the mammillary muscle cells of nipple, least common type We present herein a case male nipple leiomyoma detailed analysis histologic features review literature.

BACKGROUND Nipple-areolar reconstruction completes post-mastectomy breast reconstruction. Many techniques for nipple reconstruction have been described, and each has their advocates and critics. One of the frequent failings of most designs is loss of nipple projection with time. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of including autologous costal cartilage on patient satisfaction with their nipp...

R ietjens et al 1 report 16 cases of nipple grafting. Fourteen of these cases were for treatment of nipple malposition in patients undergoing nipple-sparing mastectomies or breast-conserving surgery and radiation. Two primary breast reduction patients were included, although they presumably did not have malpositioned nipples. Still, 14 cases of nipple grafting to correct nipple malposition is a...

Objective: There are many approaches to nipple-areola complex reconstruction. Tissue quality and thickness, desired nipple location and size, scar position, and surgeon preference all play a role in selecting a technique. We present the rectangle-to-cube nipple flap, a new technique for challenging nipple reconstruction. A review of published techniques is compared and contrasted with this flap...

Nipple-areolar complex (NAC) reconstruction is the final step in the long journey of breast reconstruction for mastectomy patients. Successful NAC reconstruction depends on the use of appropriate surgical techniques that are simple and reliable. To date, numerous techniques have been used for nipple reconstruction, including contralateral nipple sharing and various local flaps. Recently, it has...