When Saturn was the only known ringed planet, the rings were believed to be as old as the solar system, some 4.5 billion years old in the conventional chronology. The existence of the rings to the present day was taken as evidence of this chronology. In the 1970s and 1980s, other planets were found to have shortlived, rapidly dissipating rings with life times of the order of millennia. Subseque...

We present data on the O2/N2 ratios of trapped gas samples for the entire length of the Vostok climate record. As in other cores, O2/N2 ratios in these samples are less than the atmospheric ratio, by a small and variable amount, because O2 is selectively excluded during the gas trapping process, and because O2 is also preferentially lost in poorly preserved core samples. Samples younger than 15...

Time Acknowledgments This work was funded in part by NSF grants IIS-1111534 and IIS-1149393, by support from the Intel Science and Technology Center for Visual Computing, and by support from Amazon Web Services in Education. References [1] Bryan Klingner, David Martin, James Roseborough. “Street View Motion-from Structure-from-Motion”. ICCV 2013. [2] Grant Schindler and Frank Dellaert. “Probabi...

This paper introduces a new empirical strategy for the characterization of business cycles. It combines non-parametric decoding methods that classify a series into expansions and recessions but does not require specication of the underlying stochastic process generating the data. It then uses network analysis to combine the signals obtained from di erent economic indicators to generate a uniqu...